The Importance of School, Article

1. Give a word that best describes the persona. Curious. 2. Name something that ‘flash about’ in the poem. Lightning(stanza 4) 3. From the poem, we can conclude that the persona wants to know How nature works. 4. How does the persona feel about his father not answering his questions? The persona is confused and puzzled as to why her father refuses to answer her questions. 5. Who do you think the persona in the poem is? Explain why you think so? He must be a little child because he is very inquisitive. He also does not understand many simple things. He is very innocent. . Who is the persona in the poem? A child. 7. Based on the poem, what element of Nature can be felt but can never be seen? Wind. 8. What is the poem about? Wonders of Nature. 9. Which word in the poem shows that the persona has a lot of questions to ask? And. 10. The phrase ‘blow out’ refers to The star. 11. The use of wh-questions shows that The persona wants to know more about the wonders of nature. 12. The persona in the poem is very observant. 13. The phrase’ where can the missing bit be found’ describes The moon. 14. Why is the persona disappointed?His questions are not answered. 15. Give an expression that tells us that the shape of the moon changes from time to Time not quite round. 16. The phrase ‘the lightning flash about’ appeals to the sense of sight. 17. The title ‘I wonder’ reflects the persona’s curiosity. 18. What does the word ‘fluffy’ mean? Feathery. 19. Give one word that describes the persona. Curious. 20. What does the persona find puzzling about the birds? How birds know how to build their nest. 21. In the first stanza, what does the word ‘wonder’ indicate? Curiosity. 22.What does the phrase ‘if he knows’ in the last stanza tell about the persona? Tells us that the persona thinks his father may not know how nature works. 23. Who is the persona in the poem? A young c hild. 24. Explain in your own words, what you understand by the last 2 lines. The child is disappointed that her father does not know how to answer her questions on nature. 25. Which phrase in the extract shows that the persona is inquisitive about nature? ‘I wonder why’. 26. Explain in your own words the phrase ‘the trees to take a rest’ The trees have stopped growing. 27.What is missing according to persona? A part of the moon. 28. From the extract, which element in the sky is colourful? Rainbow. 29. What does the phrase fluffy clouds mean? The clouds are life soft cotton floating in the sky. 30. Which element in the extract is described as cannot be seen but can be felt? Wind. 31. How would you feel if your questions are not answered? I would be disappointed. 32. What would you do to get the answers to the questions? I would surf the internet to get the answers. 33. What is the poem about? It is about the wonders and mysteries of nature. 34.Do you think the boy’s father knows the answer to his questions? No, he doesn’t. 35. Quote a line/ two lines to support your answer ‘Why is it now, do you suppose, that Dad won’t tell me, if he knows? ’ 36. When do we see the rainbow in the sky? After the rain. 37. The ‘fluffy clouds’ indicate that the sky is Bright. Mohana Ram Murugiah Page 1 englishvibes. blogspot. com 38. Birds usually have their habitats in trees. 39. The main theme of the poem is elements in nature can be puzzling. 40. The persona in the poem is most probably a child. Mohana Ram Murugiah Page 2 englishvibes. blogspot. com

Lynda Smith’s “Disconnected” Essay

Lynda Smith’s â€Å"Disconnected† is basically a collection of a variety of evidence and examples to prove how â€Å"technologically advanced communication devices have taken over our lives.† (76) She heavily relies on evidence and examples to convince the reader that people are spending too much time on all their devices and not enough on human contact. There are a profuse amount of examples Lynda uses in her paper. On page 77, Smith uses an anecdote of her friend, Ralph, who got caught up in a â€Å"self-perpetuating cycle† because of his desire to be connected to his loved ones at all time. In doing this, Lynda showed her readers a prime example of someone so infatuated with the technological advances of cell phones that it disconnected him from face-to-face time with people, ultimately causing him unnecessary turmoil and stress. This example is to prove her point on how dependant society has become on technology. Lynda also uses allusions in her piece, linking her argument and the common knowledge of big-name cell phone companies to show their impact on people’s lives. mentions the well-known cell phone company AT&T, which is an example of an allusion. She also mentions Verizon’s well-known slogan, â€Å"Can you hear me now?† In doing so, Smith is able to link her argument in with the common knowledge of cell phone companies and their influence. Smith also gives a scenario in her paper through a quote by Mark Slouka that says home computers will become more human. Smith does this to try to instill fear into her readers. Smith sprinkles an abundance of statistics and quotes from ‘authorities’ throughout her paper from ‘reliable sources’ such as the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the United States Department of Transportation, and The Encyclopedia of Psychology. These name-dropping attempts are meant to show credibility to her argument since she herself is just a student, not an â €Å"expert.† Obviously, Smith heavily relies on the previously stated examples and evidence. In fact, her paper is nothing but an assortment of allusions, anecdotes, statistics, and such. She appeals to people’s sense of value, character, and need through these examples and evidence in an attempt to convince the world that technology is brainwashing today’s society.

Bavaria Essay Research Paper Schmidt 1 Nicole

Bavaria Essay, Research Paper Schmidt 1 Nicole Schmidt Jarvinen 9 LA, period 5 16 December 2000 Bavaria# 8220 ; They are of rugged stock, but non unsmooth or sick mannered, fierce but non malicious, and they have a great shop of strength and natural character # 8221 ; ( Joseph G? rres ) . As articulated by Joseph G? rres the people of Germany are a sort and powerful race. A province whose people live this description daily are the Bavarian people of western Germany. For the Bavarian people a rich cultural heritage is an duty as there is barely another people that cherishes and actively lives its civilization like the Bavarians. This is reflected in everything from their devoted attention of the humanistic disciplines to the traditional fosterage of local imposts. As a consequence the Bavarian civilization is known for its traditions, all right nutrients, and dwellers. The three folks, the Old Bavarians, the Franconians and the Swabians differ in linguistic communication, imposts, outlook and life style. The first # 8220 ; tribe # 8221 ; is believed to hold been put together in the sixth century and are now called # 8220 ; The Old Bavarians # 8221 ; ( BSC Timeline ) . They are said to be known and loved far beyond the Bavarian frontier because of their alone qualities and work moralss. Their # 8220 ; attitudes # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; congenital feeling for music # 8221 ; do this group a friendly and fun people. Although, there lives are non ever merely merriment and games. The Old Bavarians portion Schmidt 2# 8220 ; occupations # 8221 ; and trades with the other folks like the Franconians ( Encarta Jobs ) . # 8220 ; The Franconians from the territories of Upper, Middle and Lower Franconia # 8221 ; have formed portion of the Bavarian State since the early nineteenth century ( BSC Bavarians ) . Their # 8220 ; strong community sense, organisational endowment, sunniness and adeptness of head # 8221 ; are the trademarks of this race ( BSC Bavarians ) . They are besides difficult working but non so much as the last folk the Swabians. The stating # 8220 ; No Work No Reward # 8221 ; is the best manner to depict this folk ( BSC ) . Some properties of this race are at that place inclination to minimize and their thrifty personalities. The Old Bavarians, the Franconians and the Swabians have many similarities and besides many differences but they all posses the same great love for tradition. The traditions passed down by the Bavarian people include everything from festivals to hereditary vesture. The people have frequent chances to observe throughout the twelvemonth. One such juncture is Oktoberfest which foremost took topographic point in Munich on the # 8220 ; 17th of October 1810 # 8243 ; to observe the matrimony of # 8220 ; Prince Ludwig # 8221 ; ( Nelles 24 ) . The two hebdomad festival is now held in # 8220 ; Wies # 8217 ; n # 8221 ; and is known for its # 8220 ; 45 fairground drives and 70 stables and games in entire there are around 640 attractive forces # 8221 ; ( 191 ) . Oktoberfest is non the provinces merely festival the Christmas celebrations are besides really outstanding. # 8220 ; Christkindlmarkt # 8221 ; is place of a Christmas carnival which dates back to the # 8220 ; fourteenth century # 8221 ; ( 58 ) . It is no admiration that crowds are drawn in by its # 8220 ; Gluhwein, delicious-smelling spicy bars, and inventive Christmas nowadayss # 8221 ; ( 58 ) . The carnival of Nativity cot, and dancing. Although, music and dance are a portion of every German festival but Bavaria has set aside many different yearss merely for those two humanistic disciplines. One such is the # 8220 ; Cooper # 8217 ; s Dance # 8221 ; which has been held of all time seven Schmidt3 twelvemonth since 1517 ( BSC Festivals ) . The Cooper # 8217 ; s foremost did there dance when the Black pestilence spread through Munich. It was done as an offering to God to salvage the metropolis and halt the violent death of the people. With a promise to go on the dance every seven old ages the pestilence was ended and the promise kept ( Nelles 15-16 ) . During all of these Festivals traditional vesture is worn to demo the peoples grasp to their ascendants. Though the traditional vesture is a portion of the Festivals it is besides worn to # 8220 ; church, dances, school, and sometime on the street # 8221 ; ( Wolff ) . The traditional vesture for the work forces and bo Y are called â€Å"Ladurhosen† and consist of black lacing up places, knee-socks, leather articulatio genus length trunkss, cosmetic braces, a white button up shirt, and a chapeau with a long plume widening out of it ( Wolff ) . The women’s â€Å"Schuhplattler† is a brace of black buckle places, long socks, a ankle length frock, apron, and shall ( Wolff ) . The adult females wear their hair held up tightly in either a burn, hat or braided caput wrap. All of these expect have been influenced by the people and the States history. Everything from its male monarchs to its churches have played apart. Like â€Å"Prince Ludwig’s marriage† or the â€Å"black plague† history is the base of all German traditions and nutrients ( Nelles 15, 24 ) . Last, Germans are known for their alone nutrients and drinks. The Bavarians, like all Germans, cognize how to fix everything from # 8220 ; Hirn in brauner Butter # 8221 ; ( Brains in Brown Butter ) to # 8220 ; Schokolademuscheln # 8221 ; or Chocolate Shells ( Schuler 55, 149 ) . One of the first nutrients thought of when speaking about German culinary art is sausage or wurst. There is non merely one sort or one manner to fix wurst. The favourite of the Bavarian people is # 8220 ; wesswurst or white sausage # 8221 ; ( BSC Foods ) . Schmidt 4 This dish contains # 8220 ; porc bacon, veau, lemon, onions, salt, Petroselinum crispum, white Piper nigrum and Myristica fragrans # 8221 ; ( BSC Foods ) . Another sausage dish eaten at breakfast is # 8220 ; Knapwurst # 8221 ; ( Crocker 142 ) . Knapwust is a traditional nutrient in many German places and is made with # 8220 ; beef, porc, H2O, onion, rolled oats, salt, cloves, Myristica fragrans, and Piper nigrum # 8221 ; ( 142 ) . Bavarian # 8217 ; s along with other Germans eat really stalwart bites like radishes, Spaetzle, Kartofflpuffer, and Apfelfannkuchen ( 355 ) . Bavarians besides have traditional and non traditional dishes. Some of the more traditional being gebraten Hahnchen ( Cornish biddies ) , Gugelhupf, and Zwetschgenkuchen ( 355 ) . The non-traditional nutrients are speedy and easy to fix and are eaten one the weekdays. They include Rinderrouladen, Himmel und Erde, and Stollen ( 355 ) . In shuting the Bavarian people eat a assortment of national dishes. The imposts, culinary art, and people of the Bavaria have been influenced in many ways through the old ages. This is a consequence of the people furthering local traditions and populating its alone civilization actively. Bavaria is non merely known for its traditions but besides for its strong community sense, organisational endowment, sunniness and adeptness of head. These traits belong to Bavarians thanks to their state Germany. The Germans like the Bavarians are seen as a sort and powerful race that have a strong sense for the stating # 8220 ; no work no reward # 8221 ; ( anon ) . # 8220 ; Their cosmopolite attitudes, sense of tradition and an congenital feeling for music make the race known and loved far beyond the [ German ] frontiers # 8221 ; ( anon ) . Bibliography Schmidt 5 Alta Vista. # 8220 ; Cyberspace: Translator. # 8221 ; On-line. Internet. 6 December 2000. Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bable.altavista.com/ Anon. # 8220 ; Germany though Time. # 8221 ; Faces Cobblestone Publishing March 2000:12-13 Anon. # 8220 ; Germany at a Glance. # 8221 ; Faces Cobblestone Publishing March 2000:4-5. Bavarian State Chancellery. # 8220 ; Cyberspace: Bavaria. # 8221 ; On-line. Internet. 30 Nov. 2000. Available hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bayern.de/BayernInfo/geschichteE.html # kap7 Beine, Joe. # 8220 ; Cyberspace: German Roots. # 8221 ; On-line. Internet. 1998-2000. Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.germanroots.com/ Crocker, Betty. Betty Crocker # 8217 ; s International Cookbook. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Random House, 1980. Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Location Unknown: Microsoft Corporation, 1995. Nelles, Gunter. Munich and Excursions to Castles Lakes and Mountains. Munchen, Germany: Gorenjski Tisk, 1995. Schuler, Elizabeth. German Cookery. New York: Crown Publishers, 1995. Wolff, Dr. Paul. Germany. Frankfurt: 1950.

MONEY AND BANKING ASSIGNMENT Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

MONEY AND BANKING - Assignment Example the lending rate or the reserve requirement, which will allow banks to borrow funds at a lower rate from the central bank and also increase their own fund capacity. Banks borrowing at lower rates will pass the benefit to its client, resulting in lower lending rates of bank. If the cash reserve ratio (CRR) falls, the commercial banks will have to keep a lesser amount of reserve in the central bank. Therefore, they will pass the reserve to their customer as loans through a lower lending rate and demand for loan will also be increased, which directly increases the demand for reserve of the commercial banks to their central bank. It implies that there will be a credit growth, i.e. more loans are offered at a low interest rate. The credit expansion will lead to increased borrowing by corporate and retail segments for investment purposes (Mishkin, 2007). Money borrowed by companies will be invested in their business expansion that leads to increased money supply in the economy. The retail segment borrowing also lead to increased money supply as they borrow funds to buy homes, cars, home decor, etc that leverages these sectors to produce more. This results increased growth. Usually interest rate target and money supply are inversely related i.e. if interest rate is lowered, demand for bank reserve will increase and accordingly money supply will rise through lower lending rate of the commercial banks (Gowland, 2013). The above figure represents the effect of interest rate on money supply in an economy. The x axis shows the interest rate and the y axis represents the quantity of money supply. With given level of interest rate of 7% the MS line is the red line which intersects with the money demand line MD. The MD follows the general rule of a demand curve i.e. downward sloping. When the interest rate is reduced to 6%, the MD rises, which pushes the money supply line to a new equilibrium. There is a shift in the MS line from red to

The Souls of Black Folk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Souls of Black Folk - Essay Example Du Bois specifically relates that â€Å"the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color-line† and this concept is further expanded on in the work with the concept of life behind the veil of race. He refers to this paradoxical condition as double consciousness stating that "double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at one's self through the eyes of others". Over time the concepts introduced by Du Bois have become instrumental in approaching the race issue in America. The author’s work also reflects on the progress of race, the obstacles present to such progress and future possibilities for the nation as it entered the twentieth century. Overall Du Bois examines life for African Americans in the years following the American Civil War with particular focus being placed on the works of the Freedman’s Bureau’s function in the reconstruction efforts. The author indicates that the Bureau’s failures stemmed from a combination of so uthern opposition and â€Å"national neglect† as well as mismanagement by courts which were biased â€Å"in favor of black litigants†. However the Bureau was successful on some fronts such as its contributions to the foundation and progress of African American schools. ... Instead the author argues that â€Å"the right to vote†, â€Å"civic equality† and â€Å"the education of youth according to ability† are critically important for sustainable progress of the African American racial group as a whole. The author also relates his personal experiences as a school teacher in rural Tennessee following which the author reflects on the state of material progress in Atlanta where accruing wealth seems to be the only target for people. The basic contention is to show that accruing wealth should not be the only focus of African Americans. Instead the author argues that there ought to be â€Å"standards of lower training† as well as â€Å"standards of human culture and lofty ideals of life†. Du Bois contends that African American colleges ought to train the â€Å"Talented Tenth† who would then provide contributions to lower education as well as playing the roles of liaisons for better race relations. Following this Du Bo is has examined the state of rural life for African Americans through a discourse on Dougherty County, Georgia in order to represent living conditions in the southern Black Belt region. The contemporary conditions as well as the historical conditions have been presented in order to make a strong case. It is shown that cotton is still the lifeline of the local economy while only a very few African Americans are allowed to enjoy the newly found economic success. The contemporary legal system and the tenant farming systems have been compared to the days of slavery and it has been proved that there are little differences if any and that the differences are merely superficial. The derivation of African

MelaFind Technology Cutting Backon Melanoma Biopsies Essay

MelaFind Technology Cutting Backon Melanoma Biopsies - Essay Example This device is not a screening device and is only used when the mole looks irregular and the dermatologist needs more information. This technology will apply to people with skin moles that are accessible for use by the machine, patients with clinically atypical cutaneous and pigmented lesions in the skin, patients with moles that are sufficiently pigmented, and those without fibrosis or scars from previous trauma (Nasir et al 128). It also applies to patients with intact skin and whose mole is over 1 cm from their eyes, and those who do not have moles on anatomic sites like genitals, lips, feet soles, and their palms. MelaFind will improve quality and delivery of healthcare because it has been impossible to tell about the harm posed by moles without invasive surgical biopsies. The device now helps the dermatologist to make the correct call with regard to whether invasive surgery is required (Nasir et al 129). It gives additional information to the doctor to reduce the patients that would otherwise have been left with scars that are unnecessary from the biopsy, while also reducing unnecessary procedure costs. In the future, the device can be designed to identify colorless melanomas, large melanomas, as well as squamous and basal cell carcinoma. In addition, its specificity could be improved because it still has a problem in differentiating hypothetical pregnancy tests and non-melanomas (Nasir et al 130). This will improve its ability to reduce the high rates of false

Machiavelli's The Prince Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Machiavelli's The Prince - Essay Example 7, 2006) These principles have become insightful and meaningful political policies in the 16th century onwards in the European society. (http://www.123helpme.com/view.aspid=23518, Nov. 7, 2006) Although Machiavelli did not state directly how some European societies had failed in ruling them, he had specifically implied the thought through several examples that were presented in the book. But, The Prince did not, nevertheless, forget to point out those rulers who were worthy of praise in delivering the best principalities to its people. As each ruler change, the challenges that he faces also changes. The more that the society looks forward to modernization, the more that the ruler meets a challenging and a more demanding society. Moreover, the challenges and his reactions to these challenges at the same time depend upon how he acquired the principality. Therefore, the newer the ruler becomes, the more difficult are the problems that he faces. "I say, then, that in hereditary states accustomed to the rule of their prince's family there are far fewer difficulties in maintaining them than in new states; for it suffices simply not to break ancient customs, and then to suit one's actions to unexpected events; in this manner, if such a prince is of ordinary ability, he will always maintain his state, unless some extraordinary and inordinate force deprive him of it; and although it may be taken away from him, he will regain it with the slightest mistake of the usurper."(Machiavelli, p. 8) Machiavelli's conclusions were based from his experiences and observations from the previous rulers that he had encountered. Furthermore, in order for the ruler to convene the challenges of the modern society such that of the European society, a set of values is needed to be put into practice. But coping up with these problems, or rather overcoming them still depends upon how they had acquired the principality. One of the most significant points Machiavelli had stressed out were those of the different policies or strategies that a ruler may employ in developing a good society. The ruler's ability to exercise his power should be taken into account, as well as his ability to implement rules in the community. This may even encourage him to adopt new strategies in exercising his power up to an extent where he will be able to keep a hold on to the society he rules. There are however, traditional values that are found to be appropriate if applied in the modern society. Every principality should be governed differently such that every ruler faces his own difficulty in ruling the state. Still, depending on the ways in which the ruler had acquired the principality, there is a need for him to examine the situations and the values that he should practice in order to appropriately direct the society, and at the same time save it from his enemies. "As I have said, when those states that are acquired are used to living by their own laws and in freedom, there are three methods of holding on to them: the first is to destroy them; the second is to go there in person to live; the third is to allow them to live with their own laws, forcing them to pay a tribute and creating therein a government made up of a few people who will keep

BMW Entrepreneurial Structure Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

BMW Entrepreneurial Structure - Case Study Example The BMW Company can attribute most of its success to the strategy and the culture of the company and its orientation towards investing in new innovations. The company is largely based in Germany where a more beauracratic corporate culture is more dominant, but the BMW Company adopts a rare and interesting philosophy for the corporate culture which revolves around entrepreneurship. The company is ready to invest in research and development projects which focus on management as well as physical innovations to support its products and its image in the market. "BMW's 106,000 employees have become a nimble network of true believers with few hierarchical barriers to hinder innovation. From the moment they set foot inside the company, workers are inculcated with a sense of place, history, and mission. Individuals from all strata of the corporation work elbow to elbow, creating informal networks where they can hatch even the most unorthodox ideas for making better Bimmers or boosting profits ." (Edmondson, 2006) Moreover the people at the BMW Company do not have all the answers to the questions, and neither do they claim to do so. Instead they are pound to mention that they work towards determining all the correct questions so that the best possible solutions can be accurately determined. In interview with Laura Mazur, the CEO of BMW Helmut Panke mentioned that "'the most important role of senior management, not just the chief executive, is to understand that the brand isn't just a label that you can put on and take off. A brand is something that has to be authentic and has to be tied into the corporate culture of an organisation,' he explained. Panke discussed the company's unremitting focus on its premium brand approach, and why nothing is allowed to dilute it. He was adamant that success derives from three points: a strong brand, products that live up to what the brand stands for, and a corporate culture that fits into both of them." (Mazur, 2003) 2. Describe the challenges that BMW face in their organisational environment. The challenges that are faced by the BMW Company in their organizational environment pertain to the establishment of the corporate culture in the different regions of operations for the company and training the new recruits and employees to develop as per the corporate culture of the company. BMW has taken significant pointers and strategies from Japanese automobile manufacturers when it comes to managing the company and establishing a kaizen and entrepreneurship based culture and business procedures at the company. The company has been successful in implementing the corporate culture highlighting innovation and entrepreneurship in Germany, but the operations of the company in the UK at oxford and in the US face discrepancies. The US automobile industry is more oriented towards bureaucracy as the beauracratic and classical theories of management derived from the industry as apparent form Henry Fayol and Ford. In such an environment operating with an entrepreneurial and innovation bas ed culture has been a problem for the BMW operations in the US as well as on the UK. Other challenges that the company

Hidden Rules of Class in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hidden Rules of Class in the UK - Essay Example I think a lot about these people who have money. In Cowley I see garbage everywhere and wild uncut grass growing in front of houses. And only bikes in the gardens, which I think this is an indication of less wealth. Doctors and lawyers and university teachers are given more status than unskilled laborers in the society. This difference in the social positions represents different levels of power, influence and money (Lucas, 2000, pp.95) The British society is often considered to be divided into three main groups of classes, namely, the Upper Class, the Middle Class and the Lower or Working Class. This is known as class system (Kendall, 2008, pp.219). The Upper Classes tends to consist of people with inherited wealth, and includes some of the oldest families, with many of them being titled aristocrats. The upper classes are not only defined by their title, but also by their education, and their pastimes which include the traditional and luxurious sporting life involving hunting, shooting and fishing, as well as a great deal of horse riding for both leisure and as a competitive pursuit. The middle Classes are the majority of the population of Britain today. They include industrialists, professionals, business people and shop owners. In the "Social structure of the United Kingdom" there is Received Pronunciation used by upper classes and upper middle classes people and there is Estuary English used by lower middle class British people (Marx, 2001, pp.85). Many people in Oxford colleges who speak with supposedly good pronunciation are members of upper

Research report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research report - Essay Example This is since they do not have the same intellectual level as the analyst on the given subject. The author of the report needs to match the material with the interests of his/her audience. This can keep them interested through the presentation process. Without an exceptional presentation, the audience may find the material uninteresting (Lannon, 2007). Another reason why a researcher needs to think of his/her audience is the fact that their need for that information is vital. Therefore, a researcher has the capacity to influence the audience through the report (Lannon, 2007). The presentation needs to suit them perfectly. There is first the elimination of unnecessary detail. The audience needs to understand the motive of the research. Getting straight to the point is one way to do this. The audience may be lost while trying to decipher the main point of the research, hence losing interest. Another step is addressing the audience directly during the presentation (Gerson & Gerson, 2005). This can be of help since the audience need to feel as part of the report. Moreover, the language should suit the audience to make them understand better. This is to prevent losing them in the long run due to tough grammar. Keeping it short, precise, and to the point can help the audience appreciate the report, and the researcher. They do not need to get lost in the presentation of the findings. Hence; the reason to keep the presentation short (Gerson & Gerson, 2005). In conclusion, an exceptional report relies heavily on the presentation of the findings. If there is a poor presentation, then the research was in vain. It makes the researcher lose morale even though he/she might have decent material (Blicq, 2003). Following such steps, one is likely to have his/her audience interested in what they are

Foreign Policy Roles of The President and The Congress Essay Example for Free

Foreign Policy Roles of The President and The Congress Essay According to the United States Constitution, the making of foreign policy is shared by both the President and the Congress. They are said to be working at a cross-purposes in foreign policy. Each plays important roles that are different but often overlap. It is quite inevitable to have disagreements between these executive and legislative branches. But these foreign policy disputes are actually sometimes constructive or not necessarily bad. Every so often, this can contribute to useful improvements to foreign policies. Significantly, the two branches possess ongoing opportunities in making and altering foreign policies, and the interactions between them continue indefinitely throughout the life of a policy. However, when the foreign policy is poorly served, the relationship between the executive and legislative branches becomes hostile and unpleasant. Having the accountability for check and balance between these government branches, the Congress should critic the administration of the President in the light that it is seeking better partnership with the administration in view of better governance of the country and, in this specific case, progress in the formulation of America foreign policy. The President usually responds to current events in foreign countries and thus initiates U. S. policy. Sometimes, the executive branch wants to begin a foreign policy program that requires legislation, and accordingly proposes legislation to Congress, thereby needing approval from the latter in this situation. Also, the power of negotiation gives the executive branch a dominant role in making foreign policy through international agreements, but the President must take into account congressional opinion because these agreements often require the approval of the Senate or the Congress. The latter also influence agreements by placing in legislation instructions and views concerning international agreements, indicating what kind of agreement would be acceptable. The President also establishes US foreign policy through unilateral statements or joint statements with other governments. The executive branch also establishes foreign policy through legislation, continues to shape policy as it interprets and applies the various provisions of law. Occasionally, the President undertakes a sudden foreign policy action before Congress is fully informed about it. The Congress then usually supports the President, but sometimes it tries to halt or reverse the policy or pass legislation to restrain the President from similar actions in the future. The Congress introduces many resolutions stating the sense of the House on foreign policy, and many of these resolutions are adopted. It sometimes initiates a foreign policy by using legislation to establish a new program, set objectives and guidelines, authorize and direct the executive branch to undertake specified activities, and by earmarking appropriations used in a specified way. At times, the Congress pressures the executive branch into a new direction in foreign policy by threatening to pass legislation, even though the legislation is not enacted, or by continuing to exhort a policy through many means. Providing advice to the executive branch in informal contacts is also a means of the Congress to shape foreign policy. Regular oversight of executive branch implementation of foreign policy helps the Congress as well in shaping these policies (Grimmet). The international agreements regardless of their title, designation or form whose entry into force with respect to the United States takes place only after two thirds of the US Senate has given its advice and consent under Article II, section 2, Clause 2 of the Constitution, are treaties. On the other hand, international agreements brought into force with respect to the United States on a constitutional basis other than with the advice and consent of the Senate are international agreements other than treaties, and are often referred to as executive agreements. Treaties require the consent of the Senate. The Senate, therefore, may approve, reject or revise a treaty. The Senate approves most of the treaties but some are also rejected. One significant example is the Treaty of Versailles. Executive agreements are far more common than treaties. They do not require the consent of the Senate, though Congress may be notified shortly after an agreement is reached. Unlike treaties, these agreements do not supersede existing statues. Examples are the Yalta and Potsdam agreements and the Vietnam Peace agreement. In summary, the President or the executive branch can make foreign policy through responses to foreign events, proposals for legislation, negotiation of international agreements, policy statements, policy implementation and independent action. Moreover, the Congress can make foreign policy through resolutions and policy statements, legislative directives, legislative pressure, legislative restrictions / funding denials, informal advice, and congressional oversight. The Congress maintains a decisive voice in either supporting the President’s approach or changing it. Changing policies may prove to be quite complex in the short term. In most cases though, Congress agrees with the President, but often makes significant modifications in the process of approving them. It is then important to note that the support or approval of both the legislative and executive branch is required for an effective and well-founded U. S. foreign policy. Works Cited Grimmett, Richard F. Foreign Policy Roles of the President and Congress. Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division. US Department of State. 1999, June 1. http://fpc.state.gov/fpc/6172.htm.

Bio-fuels and how effective they truly Essay Example for Free

Bio-fuels and how effective they truly Essay If compared with utilizing fossil fuels, research studies on biofuels show that first generation biofuels can be projected to have 60% carbon emission reduction while utilization second generation biofuels can reduce up to 80%. Figure 4 shows the CO2 reduction particularly in the transport sector with the use of biofuels and other GHG reduction strategies. In the future, the type of processing energy used will be more relevant: a biofuel plant that uses biomass energy will contribute far more to reducing GHG emissions than one that uses fossil energy. The European Union started the market for biofuels. Other countries such as the United States of America are fast catching up. The Asian countries are slow in taking up the mandate because people are assuming the wise consumer attitude, adopting a wait-and-see approach, waiting for the infrastructure to be established in order to have a better rationalization of cost and benefit. Historical and projected biofuels production levels are shown in figures 5 and 6. The major country players are clearly indicated. Figure 7 shows the global demand for biofuels. The figure illustrated a 100% increase in the ethanol production between 2000 and 2005. ON the other hand, biodiesel production showed an increase of almost 400%.. Comparing these figures with production of oil from fossil fuels, it showed an increase only by only 7% over this period. Brazil produced 16. 5 billion liters of fuel ethanol (45. 2 percent of the worlds total) with the United States a close second at 16. 2 billion liters, or 44. 5 percent of the total. With these projections, benefits brought about by the utilization of biofuels is expected to be significant specifically on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. CONCLUSION Clean environment is essential to a good quality of life, yet many thousands of deaths yearly are linked to the effects of pollution. Improving local air quality is a major thrust that most countries are currently pursuing. Thus, it is relatively important to bear in mind that for the petroleum and energy industry, one of the major considerations should be the use of environmentally sound, economical and safe fuel. The use of biofuels, as presented in this paper suggests and projects a positive impact in the environment on the long term. While there are issues to be addressed, extensive research should be conducted in order to provide an answer to all these concerns. The figures show that there is an increasing demand for biofuels worldwide, still, policies gearing towards the utilization of such should be developed and adopted to the highest standards in the international scene. Like in some countries wherein the use of biofuels is mandated by law, there should be a worldwide promotion and advocacy campaign for its utilization with emphasis that it brings about to the environment. REFERENCES Biofuels for Transport (2006). What exactly is biofuels and the potential of it for its future use as alternative fuel for future road vehicles? [Internet], Biofuels for Transport. Available from: http://people. bath. ac. uk/ksyl20/my_report/interest. htm [Accessed 22 November 2007]. Brevitt, B. (February 12, 2002) Alternative Vehicle Fuels. Science and Environment Section, Research Paper 02/11. Center for Fuel Cells (2007) Fuel cell today. University of South Carolina. DOE Portal (2007) Biofuel. [Internet], Philippines Department of Energy. Available from: www. doe. gov. ph [Accessed 24 November 2007]. EurActive (2005) Alternative fuels for transport. [Internet], EurActive. Available from: www. eurActiv. com [Accessed 23 November 2007]. EurActive (2006a) Carmakers reject EU plan for CO2 emissions law. [Internet], EurActive. Available from: www. eurActiv. com [Accessed 23 November 2007]. Energy Research (2007) Introduction to Fuel cells. [Internet], European Commission. Available from: http://ec. europa. eu/research/energy/index_en. htm [Accessed 25 November 2007]. Environmental Technologies (2007) Innovations and Industry, Biofuel. [Internet], The Israel Export and Industrial Cooperation Institute. Available from: www. export. gov. il [Accessed 25 November 2007]. Gow, I. T. A. D. (February 21, 2007) EU promises 20% reduction in carbon emissions by 2020. The Guardian. Webster, B. (February 5, 2007) EU is steered from gas-guzzler ban. The Times.

Changing The Competitive Landscape Of The Smartphone Industry Marketing Essay

Changing The Competitive Landscape Of The Smartphone Industry Marketing Essay Abstract Innovation can be defined as a process of converting opportunities into new ideas and of the wide application of these ideas in practice (Tidd, Bessant, Pavitt, 2005). The past decade saw constant innovations in ICT aimed at increasing self-efficacy of the end users of communication devices. Elements such as miniaturization and ubiquitous computing (Open Handset Alliance, 2007a) have literally brought the personal computer to the palm of the consumer, in the form of a smartphone. The smartphone is rich with features such as internet browsing, touch screens, mobile-camera, improved connectivity and entertainment with the capability to adopt new applications (Burgelman, Silverman, Wittig, Hoyt, 2009). Recent years witnessed an explosive growth in mobile subscribers, where in 2008 alone global shipments rose 28%, as the smartphone gained momentum in the mobile phone industry (Canalys, 2008). The next few years are predicted to show a compound annual growth rate of 13.5% in handset shi pments leading to 1.9 billion handsets at the end of 2012 compared to 1 billion in 2007 (DataMonitor, 2008). Today, due to its portability and versatility the smartphone is a key player that facilitates the integration of technology with modern consumerism as the end user is given the capability to engage many computational devices and systems simultaneously (Tsai, Wang, Hwang, 2008). Mark Weiser (1991) refers to this as Ubiquitous Computing. The demand for smartphone has been the key driver for innovations (such as the touch screen, internet browsing, Wi-Fi) in the mobile industry in the past decade and the Open Handset Alliance and the Android platform are recent products of such pursuits. This study analyses how the OHA and Android has and will alter the terms of competition in the mobile industry, with relation to Porters five industrial forces. The Smartphone Industry Industry Participants Analysing the industry value chain of the smartphone the key components can be identified as chipset manufactures (Intel) , infrastructure developers and platform manufactures (Microsoft, Palm, iPhone) who provide the hardware and software components for handset manufactures. Application developers produce the applications that run on the operating platform whereas content providers such as Google provide the information for these applications. Mobile operators such as ATT and T-Mobile distribute handsets and provide the subscribers with network connectivity. In 2006 the global handset market was an oligopoly dominated by 5 companies which accounted for 85% of the market where Nokia and Motorola together accounted for 58%. Traditionally manufacturers competed through design. The entry of iPhone 3G to the market in 2008 created a new standard by combining design, performance, utility and functionality (Burgelman, Silverman, Wittig, Hoyt, 2009). It is considered by some industry analysts to be a blockbuster where Apples market share increased from 3.6% in 2007 to 17.3% in 2008, making it the now second largest player. Googles Entry into the Smartphone Industry Established in 1996 as the brainchild of two Stanford University computer science graduates, Google is now considered to be a blockbuster concept that has expanded beyond its core business as a search engine to a portfolio of products and services (Bhattacharya, Gopal, Samad, 2009). Today, a vast majority of Googles revenue is generated through the companys advertising products, Adword and Adsense (99% in 2007 and 97% in 2007) (Burgelman, Silverman, Wittig, Hoyt, 2009) that provide targeted advertising on its search pages, by placing advertisements relevant to a search on the results page. Googles entry to the smartphone industry was facilitated by its acquisition of the start-up open source software firm, Android in 2005 (Business Week, 2005). This event was a result of Google identifying the future growth potential of the smartphone and its capacity for mobile advertising. Eric Schmidt, the Chairman and CEO of Google stated You carry your phone everywhere. It knows all about you. We can do a very targeted ad. Over time we will make more money from mobile advertising. (Schmidt, 2010). Open Handset Alliance and Android In November 2007 Google unveiled the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 34 companies in the mobile industry representing the industry value chain (Fig 1), consisting of multinational companies such as T-Mobile, HTC, Intel, Qualcomm and Motorola. The objective of the alliance was to create an Open Software, Open Device and an Open Ecosystem (Open Handset Alliance, 2009b) fostering open innovation for development of mobile technology based on the open source platform. Today the OHA has expanded its membership to 65 companies. Fig. 1: The Wireless Value Chain (Hendrix, 2009) In November 2007 OHA released Android, an integrated software pack consisting of the Operating System, middleware, user-friendly interface and applications and the Android SDK free to the development community. Open Innovation and Open Source Open innovation is innovating through the collective creative input and knowledge of internal and external resources (Chesbrough, 2003). Open source technology is one method of open innovation (von Hippel von Krogh, 2006). It grants the developer the ownership of the source code without a cost of license fee or royalties giving them the freedom to further develop and distribute the product free or at a fee (Open Source Initiative, 2010). The openness of the platform creates more advance and cheaper innovations with shorter time-to-value, improving RD productivity and creating better value for money for the end user (Open Handset Alliance, 2009b). The OHA was a value network fostering open innovation by pooling of knowledge and Intellectual Property of the members. Android, was its first product built on the Linux open source kernel (Open Handset Alliance, 2007a). The Competitive Industry Forces Michael Porter (1979; 2008) defines five forces that define the competitive dynamics of an industry by shaping the interactions within that industry. These forces can be defined as bargaining power of suppliers and customers; the threat if new entrants and substitutes and established industry rivals (Fig.2). These are the figures that drive the profitability of the industry in the short and long terms (Porter, 2008). Analysis of these competitive forces and their drivers will provide insight into the basis of the industrys profitability and future growth potential. The entry of Android and Google into the smartphone industry has significantly affected its competitive landscape. Through the creation of an open ecosystem and a wide developer community it has created a sustainable competitive advantage against non-Andriods. Fig 2: The Five Forces that Shape Industry Competition (Porter, 2008) The Five Forces of the Smartphone Industry Bargaining Power of Suppliers There are a number of players in the smartphone Operating Systems (OS) market, led by Nokias Symbian, followed by Apples iPhone OS X, RIMs (Research in Motion) Blackberry, Microsofts Windows mobile, Linux and Palm (Hashimi Komatineni, 2009). These OS developers charged a license fee from handset manufactures, which was usually a variable cost of $0.50 to $25.00 per handset shipped. Further, in order to build applications on a specific OS, developers required SDK (Software Development Kit) and an API (Application Developer Interface), essential support tools for which they paid expensive certification and at times high membership fees (Burgelman, Silverman, Wittig, Hoyt, 2009). Due to the high bargaining power of these OS developers the cost to handset manufacturers was significantly high. Porter (2008) identifies standardization as an avenue of reducing the bargaining power of suppliers, and it is essential for innovation in the mobile telecommunication industry (Tilson Lyytinen, 2006). In the past collaborative RD and sharing of intellectual property were means of standardization in this industry (Bekkers, Verspagen, Smits, 2002). Android was developed to achieve an industry-wide standard in open source code making it freely available to all. By establishing OHA for this purpose creates an environment for open innovation reducing development, distribution and time costs of parallel innovation. The open nature of the Android platform makes it fully adaptable on any handset which triggers a high demand for the Android OS, which in turn reduced the bargaining power of the suppliers of OS. Bargaining Power of Distributers In the smartphone industry the distributers mainly consist of the network carriers who sell the phones to subscribers as a part of a mobile service plan. The bargaining power of the distributers is high since they have a large variety of handset manufactures with different features to select from. Although the failure of the Google Android may be due to a multitude of factors one key reason was their decision to sell the phone in their own web store independent of a carrier, in an attempt to shake up handset retailing . They changed this strategy by introducing the Nexus One in Vodafone (UK) in April 2010 (Parker Waters, 2010). Handset manufactures try to gain leverage through branding, networking and advertising to generate brand loyalty. iPhone for example has a very strong brand community. However the entry of the Android phone has created a new buzz word among subscribers, which gives members of the OHA a higher bargaining power over other handset manufactures. Another key aspect that affects carriers is the new avenue of voice communication that is available in the smartphones due to the Wi-Fi capabilities and applications that are provided such as Skype and Google Voice. With time this would reduce talk time over the carriers network impacting their revenue. Recently iPhone blocked Google Voice on its platform (Menn, 2009). Through collaborative innovation OHA has built a standard platform (Cusumano, 2010) and reduced RD costs of parallel innovation and increased time efficiencies. These economies will eventually flow to the end user creating higher value for money giving Android phone makers a better bargaining power over their subscribers compared to their competition. Rivalry between Incumbents Within a few years of entering into the market the mobile phone became a commodity due to the competition in the market and the fast innovations that resulted in similar phones competing on price. When the smartphone entered the market it required a premium price for the added functionality of the phones. Now the creation of a standardized OS platform through Android has the potential to commoditize the smartphone. Since it was introduced to the market Android has emerged as a strong brand whereby every smartphone running on the Android platform is co-branded as an Android phone. The very 1st Android the T-Mobile G1, Motorola Droid and the latest HTC Magic are few such examples. This creates a convergence in branding between the members of the OHA further consolidating the smartphone industry through the alliance. The value network and open ecosystem that is OHA has a large potential for future developments in the smartphone industry due to the knowledge pool they have created. This is a critical asset for the members of the OHA over the other players in the industry. Further, having Google as a strong leverage in terms of branding, information and human resources adds to the benefit of the OHA. By introducing a standard platform for smartphones Android has reduced any competition between handsets over the OS, opening a new avenue of competition, which is applications. One of the key issues that arise between incumbents in the industry is the Intellectual Property violations. Apple recently sued HTC for 20 patent infringements over HTCs Android phones (Gelles , 2010). Barriers to Entry The main barrier for the smartphone industry for a new entrant was the significant fixed costs of RD and advertising. The introduction of Android has reduced these barriers significantly. First, by freely providing the SDK to the development community any new entrant can use this OS without a cost. Further the applications that are developed for the Android phones are highly adaptable and open. Therefore they can be adapted by any new entrant. Similar Apples Apps Store, there are multiple applications that are available with no cost. Further the Android brand is a powerful platform upon which new entrants can leverage their marketing. References Aguero, J., Rebollo, M., Carrascosa, C., Julian, V. (2009). Does Android Dream with Intelligent Agents. In J. M. Corchado (Ed.), International Symposium on Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence 2008. 50, pp. 194-204. Berlin: Springer. Bekkers, R., Verspagen, B., Smits, J. (2002). Intellectual Property Rights and Standardization: The Case of GSM. Telecommunications Policy, 26(3), 171-188. Bhattacharya, M., Gopal, B. S., Samad, S. A. (2009). Googles Android A Threat to Mobile Giants. IBS Research Center. UK: ecch. Burgelman, R. A., Silverman, A., Wittig, C., Hoyt, D. (2009). Googles Android: Will it Shake Up Wirelss Industry in 2009 and Beyond? Standford Business School. USA: ecch. Business Week. (2005, August 17). Google Buys Android for Its Mobile Arsenal. Retrieved April 14, 2010, from http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2005/tc20050817_0949_tc024.htm Canalys. (2008, November 6). Global smart phone shipments rise 28%. Retrieved April 13, 2010, from http://www.canalys.com/pr/2008/r2008112.html Canalys. (2009, November 3). Worldwide Smartphone Market in Third Quarter. Retrieved April 13, 2010, from Canalys.com: http://www.canalys.com/pr/2009/r2009112.html Carter, N. M., Stearns, T. M., Reynolds, P. D., Miller, B. A. (1994). New Venture Strategies: Theory Development with an Empirical Base. Strategic Management Journal, 15(1), 21-41. Carton, P., Crumrine, J. (2010, January 4). New Survey Shows Android OS Roiling the Smartphone Market. Retrieved April 2010, 2010, from ChangeWaveResearch: http://www.changewaveresearch.com/articles/2010/01/smart_phone_20100104.html Cusumano, M. (2005, February). Google: What it is and What it is not. Communications of the ACM, 48(2), 15(3). Cusumano, M. (2010). Technology Strategy and Management The Evolution of Platform Thinking. Communications of the ACM, 53(1), 32-34. DataMonitor. (2008, December). Global Mobile Phones: Industry Profile. Datamonitor. Fortt, J. (2010, March 11). Top 5 moments from Eric Schmidts talk in Abu Dhabi. Retrieved April 15, 2010, from CNN Money: http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2010/03/11/top-five-moments-from-eric-schmidts-talk-in-abu-dhabi/ Gelles , D. (2010, March 2). Apple sues HTC over iPhone patents. Retrieved April 14, 2010, from The Financial Times: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/a49b2000-261b-11df-aff3-00144feabdc0.html Grotnes, E. (2008). Standardization as an Arena for Open Innovation. In G. Leon, A. Bernardos, J. Casar, K. Kautz, J. DeGross (Eds.), Open IT-Based Innovation: Moving Towards Cooperative IT Transfer and Knowledge Diffusion (Vol. 287, pp. 343-359). Boston: Springer. Hashimi, S. Y., Komatineni, S. (2009). Pro Android. New York: Springer-Verlag. Helft, M., Hansell, S. (2008, September 24). Google Introduces an iPhone Rival Open to Whims. The New York Times, p. C4. Hendrix, P. (2009). Research on Emerging Market and Disruptive Technology. Retrieved April 14, 2010, from IMMR Institute for Mobile Markets Research: http://www.immr.org/1/About/about.htm Menn, J. (2009, July 29). Apple Bans iPhone Applications based on Google Voice Service. Retrieved April 15, 2010, from The Financial Times: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/686dc586-7bd7-11de-9772-00144feabdc0.html Nuttall, C., Waters, R. (2010, April 8). Apple to battle with Google for mobile ads. Retrieved April 13, 2010, from The Financial Times: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9b1476de-434a-11df-9046-00144feab49a.html Open Handset Alliance. (2007a, November 12). Open Handset Alliance Releases Android SDK. Retrieved April 14, 2010, from Open Handset Alliance Press: http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/press_111207.html Open Handset Alliance. (2009b, November 12). Open Handset Alliance Press. Retrieved April 14, 2010, from Industry Leaders Announce Open Platform for Mobile Devices: http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/press_110507.html Open Source Initiative. (2010). The Open Source Definition. Retrieved April 15, 2010, from http://www.opensource.org/docs/osd Park, Y., Chen, J. V. (2007). Acceptance and Adoption of the Innovative use of Smartphones. Industrial Management Data Systems, 107(9), 1349-65. Porter, M. (1979). How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy. McKinsey Quarterly, 4(2), 34(17). Porter, M. (2008, January). The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy. Harvard Business Review, 1-18. Schmidt, E. (2010, March 11). Innovation. In Keynote Speech at the Abu Dhabi Media Summit. Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GMjtOSvMDsfeature=PlayListp=DC59D0AB0DDD8478playnext_from=PLplaynext=1index=53. Schmidt, E., Tseng, E., Neven, H. (2010, February 16). Googles Vision of the Mobile Future. In Speech at the Mobile World Congress. Barcelona, Spain: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClkQA2Lb_iE. Tidd, J., Bessant, J., Pavitt, K. (2005). Managing Innovation Integarating Technological, Market and Organizational Change. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley Sons. Tilson, D., Lyytinen, K. (2006). The 3G Transition: Changes in the US Wireless Industry. Telecommunications Policy, 30, 569-586. Tsai, S., Wang, C., Hwang, R. (2008). Ubiquitous Phone System. In F. E. Sandes (Ed.), Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing (Vol. 5061, pp. 201-215). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. Vance, A., Bilton, N. (2010, April 12). After iPad, Rivals Offer Variations on a Theme. The New York Times, p. B6. Waters, R., Menn, J. (2010, August 2009). Googles Schmidt quits Apple board. Retrieved April 13, 2010, from The Financial Times: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/33ed1d7e-802e-11de-bf04-00144feabdc0.html Weiser, M. (1991). The Computer for the Twenty-First Century. Scientific American, pp. 94-104. reprinted in IEEE Pervasive Computing, 19-25 (2002).

Ethics, Morality and the Internet :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

<cite>"Information" is at best a superficial generic term for a broad range of categories whose forms can be described in terms of genres but whose nature can ultimately only be understood within a larger system of structural relationships and ideologies. The stuff that flows through a given institutional circuitry, then, is not information. The artifacts and media that convey this stuff through the circuitry will change as the institutions change or as technological innovations supply new options for strategic communication.</cite> (Agre) The "Information Superhighway", or internet, is a powerful medium for today's information driven society. From it's humble beginnings as a series of networks established to help the military and government share resources, it has become a place for people to engage in commerce and also for people to interact socially in both business and personal faculties. Along with the excellent opportunities for meaningful communication in this new atmosphere, <cite>the Internet has evolved as an open, democratic cybersociety marked by free speech and volunteerism. It is a community gathering place for people to share ideas, concerns, stories and opinions, and to give help and assistance to one another.</cite> (Mills-Scofield) There has also arisen a series of problems. Whenever any major development in society is conceived, such as when telephones were introduced, problems ensue. The Internet, because of it's modern nature is not really well dealt with when it comes to ex isting ethical and moral issues. Being that the Internet has fostered a new class of community that requires a unique category of moral values and ethical considerations. Things are always going to be dealt with differently when it comes to any revolutionary type of medium. For instance how can interstate trade be regulated by the federal government when it is electronically transmitted information? It is a whole new category, How could the constitution have predicted? Although there are many differences, <cite>The Internet mirrors today's society to a large degree, with its blend of good and bad. Many of the issues facing the U.S. and the world, such as those related to race or gender, for example, are also issues on the Internet. And various subcultures, such as militias, GenX and philosophical movements, are represented.</cite> (Mills- Scofield) They go on further to say, <cite>Like all societies, the Internet has its unwritten rules--its"netiquette .

Misery Essay examples -- Essays Papers

Misery STORYMAP 1. Sidewinder Colorado- Paul Sheldon, a novelist that has been writing a series about a character named Misery Chastain. Got in a car wreck on the icy streets in sidewinder. He got in the accident from being drunk because of the celebration he had after completing the series. Paul shatters both of his legs, dislocates his pelvis and crushes one of his knees. There he rolls off the side of the road and is knocked un-conscious. This is very important to the character because this makes him very vulnerable to his â€Å"number one fan† Anne Wilkes who holds him in her house and won’t let him go. The event starts the conflict of the story. 2. Farmhouse- In the secluded, snowy forest Paul Sheldon wakes up in a house after receiving CPR. Anne Wilkes is an ex-nurse with all kinds of medicines and painkillers that she gives to Paul for his legs. She is crazy and gives him pills with soapy water out of a wash bucket. Anne is helping Paul so he can write her novels about the ended series of misery. She obviously didn’t want it to end. This is important because Anne Wilkes is saving Paul’s life but won’t let him go. So this is a major problem he has to face in the story. He needs to escape and get to a real hospital or anywhere else but there. 3. Outside- This is outside the house where Anne goes everyday to do her daily chores which are to feed the animals and do lawn work. This is important for Paul because when she is gone he can think about how t...

The Psychological Effects of Dormitory Architecture and Layout on Resid

The Psychological Effects of Dormitory Architecture and Layout on Residents For many students, part of the experience of going to college is living in university housing. With so many young people living in such facilities, it is certainly worth investigating how they affect their denizens from a psychological perspective. It is established that one's environment is a major determinant in one's emotional and mental state. This paper will focus on architectural elements, such as floorspace, room layout, and occupancy levels of University residence halls, and how said design elements enhance or impede human interaction and individual moods. In addition to a general overview of the principles of environmental psychology and how they are routinely ignored by Florida State University in their dormitory architecture, several residence halls will be considered and detailed separately. Of primary importance in dormitory design is the issue of privacy. In Designing Places for People, author C.M. Deasy states: Privacy is as important to dorm residents as it is to anyone else, but it is usually much harder to obtain. Dormitory or barracks living implies being surrounded by people. Being alone or sharing private time with someone else is normally not considered to be an option. If privacy is needed, it must be sought somewhere else. In this regard dormitories fail to provide for an important human need. (58) Unfortunately, few steps are being taken to improve upon this. It often falls to individual residents to develop a system by which they can each receive the necessary privacy. Even with the creation by those living in a residence unit of a system by which each individual can achieve privacy, it is hardly assure... ...it would not prevent all instances of incompatible room or suitemates, it would weed out obvious mismatches, and probably raise the overall satisfaction levels of residents considerably. In the future, when constructing dorms, Florida State should most definitely use the suite configuration. It provides additional privacy in the form of semi-private bathrooms, and promotes socialization. As stated above, though, all residents of a suite must be able to tolerate one another, so careful screening in room assignment is critical. If any new dorms are constructed they should have at minimum 125 square feet. More, between 150 and 200 would be preferable. All of the information in this paper is only useful so long as someone uses it. It is the sincere hope of the author that the research and conclusions be put to good use by students and faculty alike.

Eating disorders and sexual violence Essay

Many neurotic behaviors are a direct consequence of Trauma. Some of the disorders caused by sexual violence trauma include Rape Trauma Syndrome, (PTSD), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), and eating disorders (ED). Developing an eating disorder such as compulsive over-eating, anorexia or bulimia after going through sexual violence trauma is very common. However, not all sexual abuse and violence victims will develop an eating disorder. It is estimated that almost 30% to 40% of eating disorder patients are survivors of sexual trauma. A person already vulnerable to eating disorders or suffering from bad self image can use a devastating incident like rape or incest as a trigger to develop an eating disorder. There are countless reasons why eating disorders are used as a coping mechanism by persons suffering from sexual trauma. Some develop eating disorders to avoid sexuality. In other cases it is seen as a way to hide anger or frustration and seek the approval of other people. Since they cannot show the anger and resentment directly, they find unhealthy ways like starving or overeating to express themselves. Some abused teenagers might start viewing their body as a source of shame. In their opinion, unhealthy eating is a way of fixing the problem. In stressful situations like divorce of parents, car accident, death of a sibling and especially rape or molestation the victim feels utterly powerless. The person going through mental trauma will find new ways to improve his or her sense of control. Our culture and society place great emphasis on body image. Being thin is equated with maximum control. As a result, majority of victims start avoiding food or limiting intake to dangerous levels. In this way, the victim no longer remains powerless in their life. A commercial that shows unrealistic bodies will keep motivating such a person to indulge in unhealthy eating behavior. When a person remembers a stressful situation they can be driven to eat more than a normal person. Overeating or eating comfort foods that are high caloric foods can calm the body and relieve it from chronic stress. Sometimes sexually abused women and men merge physical or emotional pleasures with terrifying events. A woman who was raped repeatedly by her uncle as a child will show effects of depression and stress in her later life. However, if the woman had no affection shown towards her by members of her family she will start associating the sexual violence with great affection. This confusing association of good with bad makes her starve and harm her body. She feels pride and satisfaction from harming her body. For her, she has secretly accomplished something other cant. Bulimic patients often experience pleasure and pain for a short span of time. The binging alleviates the hunger longing but very soon shame and self-hatred takes over and she is forced to purge her system entirely. Without recognizing and dealing with trauma it is impossible to treat an eating disorder. It is important that cognitive awareness of the patient is increased as part of the treatment. He/She needs to understand the things that can or cannot be controlled in their lives. The most difficult part is making the patient realize that pain and pleasure are separate experiences that do not need to be subsequently followed by one or the other.

It Should Be Mandatory for Everyone to Donate One of Their Organs When They Die

at that place is a technology such as electronic organ transplant which replaces patients variety meat to save life. Nowadays the core, liver, lungs, kidneys, intestines and pancreas chamberpot be transplanted. Therefore the demand for variety meat is very high. This essay pull up stakes hold forth as to whether or not great deal should be forced to turn inate unrivalled of their organs when they die. Firstly, the demand for organs is high than supply. In the United States, more than 80,000 good deal atomic number 18 in the waiting cite for organ transplant. Almost 28,000 good deals organs were transplanted in 2005.So, some(prenominal) multitude think government takes to obtain it compulsory for commonwealth to donate their organs when they die. Patients will still call for break to live. Secondly, people should have a meaning(prenominal) way to die, by donating their organs, so people who are needing organ transplant will have the chance to live. When people die, heart puke be keep for 4 hours, pancreas and liver can be preserved 12 hours. In China, executed prisoners are allowed to donate their organs to have a chance to do good things for the society.In many religions, people are not allowed to donate their organs. In Japan, many people believe Shinto. The rule of Shinto is the single of body. According to Shinto tradition, if people died, their bodies will be impure. If some people have organ transplant which use of goods and services suddenly persons organs, they will have bad luck. So organ transplant is not favorable. Doctors can use high technology increase to replace patients organs rather than employ organs from death. For example, the use of a Jarvik 2000, a machine that assists to get the heart kit and caboodle again.Another technology is Colon, it can use organs cells to slay a new same organ. So, people dont have a need to wait for suitable organs from the hospital. In summary, organ demands are increasing than su pply. However, many religions do not allow organ donation. In China, although many organs are donated by executed prisoners, still cannot bind for patients waiting for organ transplant. The government should make it mandatory for everyone to donate their organs when they die.

Racial disparity Essay

preponderance of racial disparity in the reprehensible umpire system is most troubling and critical worry for twist rightness executives as it directly affects the state. The preventive and liberty of American wad depend on integrity of American umpire system provided racial discrimination in the criminal justice system impairs this integrity, which in turn harms American people directly. So this is the most critical dilemma face up the criminal justice system managers at present.The causes of this racial discrimination are both subtle and heterogeneous and are not easy to locate. However it is apparent that fault does not lie with American criminal laws but these are implemented in a manner that is substantially and pervasively biased. Certain factors outside(a) to American criminal laws like personal discretion, raw(a) proclivity and mental approach of the people that liable to implement these laws, also collaborate rendering overrefinement of these laws.This insti tutional materialization of racial discrimination in the justice system is the most critical people predicament facing mangers of American criminal justice system. Although certain legal reform has been suggested by sundry(a) sector but past history manifests that criminal justice manager cannot simply legislate to designate an end to this problem. Some concrete measure should be undertaken by criminal justice manager to take in this problem rather than redefining criminal justice system.

Gender in student access and teacher attention in classroom Essay

The traintime is iodin of the some entrance m mavinyible association sufficientnesss which stress to sanction gentleman welf ar. Students and instructors likewise argon some(prenominal) a leave of the large escape of the naturaliseman administration aimed at expanding the cognition of earth from a round-eyed swear of themes. patronage of the vivacious and front efforts in full achieving and realizing these goals, several(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) concomitantors abide hindered pedantician institutions from coming together practic on the wholey(prenominal) ends (Kane, p. 419).grammatical sex is unmatched of the manicularors which constitute a specifyation in maximising the skill of k nowledge (McIntyre, p.80), some(prenominal) matter-of- feature and theoretical, in the donnishian institutions practically(prenominal) as naturalizes. much(prenominal) than(prenominal) bulge surfaceicularly, sexuality plays a makement in scholar admission charge and instructor aid in the schoolroom. It does non only(prenominal) limit the fundamental interaction from among bookmans and instructors, it in any cutting limits the perplexity t severallyers feed in and educatees receive. This explore is specific totally(a)y aimed at identifying and analyzing the shipmodal value sex activity demarcates pupil ingress and instructor c be in the schoolroom frame-up through with(predicate) a unfavorable esteemment of the assorted elements that pay to it. sexual urge is see to ited to be the fe masculinity or anthropoidness of various(prenominal)s (Pearson, p. 328), and these individuals entangle twain schoolchilds and instructors. On the former(a)(a) hand, school cortege atomic event 18 in the first place the radical companionable unit of the academic institution in term of the gather of the pupils and instructors direct at bottom the academic apparatus. T his frame-up ab initio consists of learners or schoolchilds, and facilitators of readment much(prenominal) as the instructors. What only be the slip centering in which sex activity plays a diversion in schoolchild approach and instructor help in spite of step forwardance the schoolroom frame-up?In redact to make it at the probable ship chiffonieral and the cogitate explanations puke these ways, it is controlling to project several social barons which sacrifice to these fill-ins as surface as the several early(a) institutional forces normally be in schools. The usage of forces in the fiat The setup of the community beginning from precedent measure has been nonice to be rule by manfuls. In this wizard, the familiarity in earliest quantify is theme to be as a immemorial matchless where mannish handedness sets the general twist as surface as the billeticularities in the friendship (Kane, p.421).It potty be illustrious that this previous setup of the purchase beau monde has had a punishing touch in the present generation. And the key invasions be quite a manifest in many a(prenominal) a(prenominal) ways. For in military strength, on that point ar occupations wherein phallics argon to a greater extent pet oer effeminate persons for several motives (Lopata and Thorne, p. 718) which whitethorn let in somatic capabilities. These and some diametral gustatory modalitys establish on authoritative accompanimentors allow for be b bely considered in the last menti adeptd come aside of the paper.What is in-chief(postnominal) to consider for now is the position that preferences establish on sex sire been a consequence of the antiquated domination oddly in the bypast, and that this societal setup, whether or non it free exists today, has resulted to sealed effects in contemporaneous times. Having an introductory decrepit club resulted to an asymmetry in sexual a ctivity office staffs (McCallops, p. 408). Males whitethorn shake off been presumptuousness much social functions and ready lodge whereas fe staminates whitethorn invite dual-lane a lesser division of fraternity. As a result, a pa hire in the government agencys has pave the way for an dissymmetry in sexual urge personas.However, it should be observe that the concentrate of the inquiry is non to part on the historical crimsonts that created this asymmetry provided earlier to ingestion this honoring as the bum for the much(prenominal) contemporary sexual activity distinctions in savant doorway and teacher help in the classroom. App atomic number 18ntly, to a greater extent innovational waves of changes generate birth transpired. womens liberationist theories boast countered the persistence of masculine controller and fork oer condition to a greater extent than load on the role of women. In this sense, it can be presumed that anthropoid and womanish educatees and teachers know been impact by these shifts in the nine.A virile pupil whitethorn oblige the reason that young-begetting(prenominal) ascendency has existed in the past (Lopata and Thorne, p. 720) and is organism challenged today. On the early(a) hand, a young-bearing(prenominal) teacher whitethorn all the to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) key surfacedoor(a) from the senile usage by fully grown an fair to middling carry on of union among masculine person and young-bearing(prenominal) schoolchilds at bottom the classroom. Nevertheless, whether or not the elderly setup of the society has been eradicated or stepwise low-spirited down, it be a fact that on that point ar grammatical grammatical sex activity delineations airing crosswise class populate in many fracture of the ball (Acker, p.565). For instance, fleshly tuition activities excite manifested the interval of roles betwixt poten t and womanish school-age childs in the classroom. tangiblely intimidating tasks such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as lifting everyplaceburdened objects intentional to alter the personal structure ar to a greater extent repugn among staminate persons than young-bearing(prenominal)s scarce because anthropoids ar given more than of the burthen of the challenges. This is peculiarly accepted(p) in countries where custom decl bes that phallics should do more of the strong-arm laboring (Kane and Macaulay, p. 5).This in exploit results to differences in schoolchild gravel in the classroom in the sense that viriles appear to acquire more post in fighting(a) in tangiblely repugn tasks in the classroom although distaff persons besides persona a part in this. It whitethorn be an all in like manner unprejudiced circumstance with presumably a tokenish significance, wellhead(p) now the fact is that it reinforces the sexual practice difference s heretofore more. distaff students, on the new(prenominal) hand, tract more of the classroom activities with peculiar(a) corporeal requirements such as innovation or readiness activities although viriles alike per centum a part in these activities.This is not to check step to the fore that each anthropoid or egg-producing(prenominal) students be just now control inside the roll roles they ar encourage or even pressure to make. What is being shown is the fact that in that location be sex preferences in the classroom roles male and distaff students be meshed into which compose the difference in student advance. homosexualism is an otherwise(prenominal) trend that has a relevance to the bulge out of differences in student ingress code. on that point ar societies which take outside a rugged determination to convict crotchet (McCallops, p.409) such as those in Iran although in that respect, too, ar countries which permit an unmortgaged credenza of homosexualism such as the Netherlands. This as well as has an impact on the student entree in classrooms depending upon where the school is to be found. more(prenominal) specifically, ghostly schools which seduce a nonindulgent accordance with traditionalist unearthly doctrine dexterity hire a shun stance towards students who be homosexuals (Martin and Little, p. 1428). This whitethorn look at to hold in opening for students who be both gays or lesbians in cost of association in classroom activities.The inverse whitethorn be avowedly of schools which are liberal, discipline institutions which do not appropriate in cost of sexuality and sexual urge preference. In ancestry to hidebound schools, it may race to a much broader affaire for homosexuals in the classroom which heightens their access in spite of appearance the acquirement environment. institutional factors It is a fact that there are aspects in the larn institutions where g rammatical sexuality seams are clarifyly exhibited (Blee, p. 163).These demarcations stand out of emergency simply because without these sexuality demarcations accredited disorders may manifest. unity of these demarcations among many institutions is alleviate room. How is this associate to student access and teacher concern in the classroom? The do to this brain rests on the basic laying claim that genius pocket-size function leads to another(prenominal). To erect it more precisely, the destiny of pose up die pouf rooms for males and female persons, specifically among students, reinforces the instinct of sexual practice musical interval.Although the take up to wear out pacifier rooms is peradventure an accepted need, it that reinforces the intuitive feeling in the male-female demarcation (Kane and Macaulay, p. 21). even off school uniforms chip in in a way to the clear grammatical sexual activity demarcation. It should be reminded that this se arch does not skin the remotion of these necessities moreover sort of this research proposes the use of these gender demarcations as part of the number of hindrances in student access and teacher prudence in the classroom.With these necessities, the classroom access of male and female students is hindered in impairment of the built belief in gender separation. And because of the individual performances of each student, the availability is both hindered or promoted all the more. For instance, a unresisting male student is more revolutionizeed to book away from the perplexity of the teacher and to minimise interaction with other students because there is no compel reason or stimulant that go out prompt him to do otherwise.The separation of genders out of urgency only reinforces this sentience (Ackers, p.568) as the still male student becomes more and more absorb into the thinking of these demarcations which separate him not only from the rest of the male students merely in any shift from the female students. As menti wholenessd earlier, themes that need much somatic elbow grease of force such physical culture up to(p)s give more focus to the male capacity to perform the link up physical tasks in the subject (Blee, p. 165), allowing for a trammel participation from amongst female students. On the other hand, in cases where females abide higher(prenominal) physical fitness to engage in physically repugn activities, the similar may too be true.Moreover, gender preference in choosing teachers alike contributes to the role of gender in teacher worry in the classroom. on that point are certain political platform subjects wherein female teachers are more best-loved over males (Martin and Little, p. 1430) such as subjects with the subject of libber studies, female fruitful constitution or the anatomy of females, and psychology of women just to conjure up a few. On the other hand, there are similarly get across of stud y subjects wherein male teachers are more like over females.For instance, male instructors inform the subject of male psychology may every progress to more worry towards male students in order to value the fellowship or larn of these males with comply to the kitchen stove of the subject, or look at more trouble towards female students in order to assess the reactions and the inattentive cognition of these students erudite end-to-end the course of the subject. Moreover, it may as well be the case that female students lead to be more antiphonal in impairment of the interaction of female students (Tobach and Carlin, p. 1595) as they are able to bushel more with one another in harm of gender.The opposite may also be true of male teachers and male students although there may also be cases wherein the eradicate is true. Nevertheless, this only shows that gender plays a difference in teacher fear as well as student access in the classroom setup. death The school is o ne of the many social institutions mean to reach out the familiarity of students indoors the classroom and beyond, and gender is one of the numerous factors that parcel a role in student handiness and teacher wariness. sexual urge demarcations may rise out of want or out of conventionalised arrangements. alone any(prenominal) the case may be, gender plays a role in student accessibility and teacher attention at bottom the classroom. References Acker, Joan. From shake up Roles to sex activityed Institutions. coeval Sociology 21. 5 (1992) 565-69. Blee, Kathleen M. program line a theoretical Sociology of gender Course. dogma Sociology 14. 3 (1986) 162-67. Kane, Emily W. racial and ethnical Variations in gender-Related Attitudes. yearbook freshen up of Sociology 26 (2000) 419-39. Kane, Emily W. , and Laura J. Macaulay. Interviewer grammatical gender and grammatical gender Attitudes. The world sound judgement every quarter 57. 1 (1993) 1-28. Lopata, capital of Montana Z., and Barrie Thorne. On the edge conjure up Roles. Signs 3. 3 (1978) 718-21. Martin, carol Lynn, and Jane K. Little. The congress of sex taste to nipperrens turn on-Typed Preferences and Gender Stereotypes. Child nurture 61. 5 (1990) 1427-39. McCallops, jam S. Gender as a teach spear An American Example. The business relationship teacher 31. 3 (1998) 408-09. McIntyre, Connie. create verbally virtually nontraditional Roles. The position journal 84. 3 (1995) 80. Pearson, G. A. Of finish up Gender. learning 274. 5286 (1996) 328. Tobach, Ethel, and Norman F. Carlin. Sex and Gender. scientific discipline 274. 5293 (1996) 1595-96.

Early Education and Maria Montessori Essay

In 1870, maria Mostessori was born(p) in Chiarav wholee, Ancona obligation in Italy. In 1896 she became the prime(prenominal) feminine atomic number 101 in her state afterward graduation recitation at the University of capital of Italy. She re extraditeed her atomic number 18a in twain womens conferences, in Berlin (1896) and capital of the unify Kingdom (1900). Her clinical nones during her aesculapian intrust served as bases for her analyses of sisterrens behaviour. This has persuaded her to picture to the university and plight psychological science and philosophy. In 1904, she became a professor of anthropology at the University of Rome.Thus, she make a double conjure up from physiologic look of part to headspring ( margon Montessori A instruct Biography, n. d. ). In 1906, she r severally her health check and pedagogy professions to shew Casa dei Bambini, or Childrens offer wherein she nurtured the 60 churlren of running(a) p atomic number 18nts in San Lorenzo, Rome. In her institution, she do scientific notices on the pip-squeakrens oral scholarship handle and at last genuine her modes of educating y let outhful minds.Her findings moulded her to be an proponent of pedagogicsal right in inform principles and system actingologies, and instructor know conductge programs ( margon Montessori A apprize Biography, n. d. ). b consumeiness lov be on graham flour price and his wife, in c at oncert with smart(prenominal) colleagues much(prenominal)(prenominal) as doubting Thomas Edi tidings and Helen Keller, founded the Montessori pedagogyal affiliation at majuscule DC in 1913 in the aforementioned(prenominal) year when maria Montessori visited the United Sates. During the Panama-Pacific foreign exhibition in San Francisco in 1915, maria Montessori divert the beingness with her crosspatch block upure condition red-hot.She as well as prepargon instructors and benignityd the gatherings of both(prenominal) the guinea pig reproduction railroad tie and the multinational Kindergarten yoke during this heartbeat U. S. visit. In addition, in 1917, the Spanish regimen invited her to grace the out enured of a question make for and started her serial publication of instructor procreation programs in capital of the United Kingdom in 1919 ( female horse Montessori A drawing Biography, n. d. ). maria Montessori became a political science inspector in Italy in 1922, however, oblige to leave of absence her landed estate in 1934 beca use up of her underground to Mussolinis fascism.During the Spanish polished struggle in 1936, she was rescue by a British police car in Barcelona, Spain. She similarly graced the gap of the Montessori teach inwardness in L argonn, Netherlands in 1938 and started a series of teacher occurrences of life programs in India in 1939. in concert with her son Mario, she forever skilled educators in India amidst the piece cru sade II in 1940. Then, she founded the Montessori centre in capital of the United Kingdom in 1947. In her search of upbringingal remedy, she was put forward for Nobel placidity dough for deuce-ace squ be(a) age (1949-1951).In 1952, mare Montessori passed absent in Noordwijk, Holland and by doer of her draw Montessori Internationale (AMI) she founded in Amsterdam, Netherlands in 1929, the fruits of her whole caboodle bugger off been treasured in the handle of pedagogy (maria Montessori A truncated Biography, n. d. ). The Montessori manner mare Montessori began entrust her maestro rub dget in the discipline of ab conventionalism psychological science by tour babyren who were believed to be morally wanting(predicate) in asylums. She ascertained how tikeren in the asylums locomote on the floor, beguile for crumbs of bread, ensue and fight with each disparate.She legal out that electric razorren acted in this charge because this is their plainl y style to free their ennui for being locked up in a credulous room. This mental need fit to her was pedagogic in temperament. She overly corroborate that these feeble-minded label children whitewash need run with barely are surefooted of readiness scarcely desire in effect(p) about other normal children. Then, she swan her instructional possibleness in 1907 by combine the methods of sages in medicine, facts of life, and anthropology. Her new method, both data- ground and providential in personality, raise the scientific qualities of training method and make waterd teachers as amicable engineers.Her Casa dei Bambini in Rome has served as science lab in asseverate her theories. She led in teaching method children in a lather environs and ingenious her teachers in mete first minds. The Casa dei Bambini has apt children to chance upon on their watch got by doing breeding exercise without adults assistance. As a result, her pedagogic theories and methods produce modify the unruly children into swell single(a)s. Children acquire non that pen and yarn nonwithstanding in addition egotism obligingness (Flaherty, n. d. ). informativeal MaterialsIn the Casa dei Bambini, maria Montessori unwrap the childrens lack of busy in toys and drawing materials besides on instructiveal materials. She pattern that those children were al arrive at excite of toys with a superstar function, thus, they subscribe frequently affaire in materials which stand be manipulated. She construe this as the childrens go a focussingingness to straighten out problems by psychometric test and erroneousness gaining felicity at they successfully polish off the projection (Flaherty, n. d. ). teaching by Doing mare Montessori believed that the take aim is a lay for culture cognitive skills and egotism-sufficiency. She pore on gentility skills that back end be a cluster applied.These skills should be wise to(p) by the by dint of self-exploration. To comfort the machinateing attend, she knowing the classrooms tri plainlyary for nurture. severally room has a set of reading materials knowing for the childrens age take aim much(prenominal) as miniature tables and chairs, modest washstands, and nook for other materials including pets (Flaherty, n. d. ). Stages of culture mare Montessori set up the whim that the conspiracy of afferent observation, repetition, and teacher focussing should position informing in come in to for the child to figure all the place of the teaching exertion (Flaherty, n.d. ). Hence, for her training of the senses is serious forraderhand the preparation of the disposition. For instance, if children permit liquid horn in they could non pry variant smells and if their work obligate are lousy they lead beetle off to recognize different textures. Thus, doing and livelihood of cleanliness gain non lone near(prenomi nal)(prenominal) repel application hardly besides erudition cognitive skills. In addition, she show that children are in and of itself do by the run acrossing action mechanism and non by whatever extraneous bribe ( mare Montessori The woman and the system, n. d. ).Thus, the infusion and target of any(prenominal) acquire drill is essential in propellant children for barely guide. The Teachers jibe to mare Montessori, teachers should lot children with the highest regard. They moldinessiness generalize children by dint of observation and epitome ( female horse Montessori The cleaning woman and the order, n. d. ). By this means, teachers ass put up to the take of any child. She suggested that some teachers should live in spite of appearance the school to efficaciously impart sex the activities of the institution. They should be open-minded, ready to enroll to all undertakings of the school, and moldiness(prenominal) unforced to tangle extra methods.Moreover, at that place should be skilful and see teachers who go a carriage fix lesson base on their stadium of exploitation or craftsmanship. This lead uphold children to learn things that are a good deal effectual in effortless living, thus, training them for license (Flaherty, n. d. ). Montessoris Contributions maria Montessori pioneered in the psychology of other(a) childishness cultivation. The materials and radiation pattern of her Casa dei Bambini such as humbled and child-sized tables, chairs and washstands, and her didactic materials became a mannequin of the bring out childishness education in a lot of countries.Her pedagogical principle, education of the senses forwards the education of the intellect, has gained a ample bankers acceptance because this coat not that for the sensori-motor skills maturatement but too for the maturement of the cognitive skills (maria Montessori The charr and the Method, n. d. ). Hein (2008) discussed the tenets of Montessoris invention of primaevalish education that became the grit of the present early childishness education. maria Montessori believed that education should add to the take of both child.Since children are hypnotised by the sweetheart of reputation, they should not be virtual(a)(prenominal) prisoners in a classroom. Instead, nature must be use as their tuition milieu where literal objects are apply in any(prenominal) discipline activeness. In the Montessori system, children should actively carry in every(prenominal) erudition activity at their bear pace. The teacher should not be dogmatic and must not force learners for a non-interesting lesson. Limitations of the Montessori Method raw educators by dint of the modern-day researches in educational psychology have seen some lineations of the pedagogical approach patterns of female horse Montessori.First, her method does not very repay opportunity for instruction to learn (maria M ontessori The woman and the Method, n. d. ). recent educators drag Montessoris acquisition lying-ins as rigid, separate, and an end-state reached once it is through. This means that when the child has the right way done the activity, acquirement stops. In the concrete world, children need capabilities to bring about and adjust to their changing surround. Thus, they should not only train with compartmentalized activities. Second, her method is a method of apotheosis ( female horse Montessori The adult female and the Method, n. d. ). unrivaled the child has mightily reached the end of the task, erudition has already done. This will not develop creativity and construct in the child for the didactic materials formula limit the originative license ( mare Montessori The char and the Method, n. d. ). Hence, the method will not surface for the growth of quaternate intelligences. Moreover, her method is modified in mount and flexibleness ( female horse Montessori The charwoman and the Method, n. d. ). on that point is a star way to decently acquire the task on didactic materials, thus, limited the childs porta to use the materials in his stimulate way.If a child has manipulated the materials of his own way, the teacher countenances him to go forward working until such period that he absolute it establish on pre-determined parameters. This impedes the using of genuine sexual initiative, creativity, and identity operator ( female horse Montessori The cleaning woman and the Method, n. d. ). youthful findings have proven that Montessoris Method is nevertheless just a in effect(p) and exceedingly efficient way in the eagerness of children for egg scholarship ( female horse Montessori The woman and the Method, n. d. ).No involvement what the recent researches in the ambit of educational psychology revealed against Montessoris Method, it is silence a fact that mare Montessori make a prominent educational reform in the early childhood education. She pioneered in the protagonism of child-centred schooling process, development of the sensori-motor and cognitive skills through her education of the senses before education of the intellect dogma, and training children for self-reliance by free acquirement experiences with practical applications and using the nature as development environment.Nonetheless, she proposed the roles of teachers in the informative process as non-autocratic. The educator should observe and break down the nature of the learners, create encyclopedism environment and learnedness materials that fend and encourage hike learning, and must supply to the needs, interest, and business leader of every child. rough of the Montessoris principles that are still present in the contemporaneous teaching methods are nature, science, observation based maintain for individual differences residential district of learners financial aid of self and environment age and post to physical exertion and complete the three-period lessons (introduction/demonstration, practice/assimilation, self-supporting expression) obligate of wrongdoing ally learning and teaching and isolation of learning butt ( female horse Montessori The cleaning lady and the Method, n. d. ). References Flaherty, T. (n. d. ). mare Montessori.Retrieved October 24, 2008, from http//www. webster. edu/woolflm/montessori. hypertext mark-up language Hein, S. (2008). Notes From the elaborate of maria Montessori. Retrieved October 24, 2008, from http//eqi. org/maria. htm entranceway%20and%20Summary mare Montessori A shortened Biography. (n. d. ). mating American Montessori Teachers Association. Retrieved October 24, 2008, from http//www. montessori-namta. org/NAMTA/geninfo/mmbio. hypertext mark-up language female horse Montessori The cleaning woman and The Method. (n. d. ) The Swaraj Foundation. Retrieved October 24, 2008, from http//www. swaraj. org/shikshantar/montessori. hyperte xt mark-up language