Do Not Write Your Writing Assignments All the Time

<h1>Do Not Write Your Writing Assignments All the Time</h1><p>Writing assignments regularly can be a fabulous method to keep your expert reviewing aptitudes to standard and simultaneously help you to learn new things. As an essayist, it is regularly insightful to consolidate transient activities with long haul objectives as this keeps you gaining some new useful knowledge each day.</p><p></p><p>However, composing assignments ought to never be done constantly. It is exceptionally prompted that you downplay your composing errands, with the goal that you don't wind up bombing your composing assignments, which will bring about your being disappointed and hence unfit to take any chances.</p><p></p><p>One of the reasons why composing assignments ought to be kept to a base is that you have to deal with yourself before you do whatever else. You have to keep your hair, teeth and nails putting their best self forward. You have t o eat well and get the rest you need.</p><p></p><p>Many of the more established authors took their day by day lunch break promptly in the first part of the day. It was during their morning lunch break that they composed their composing assignments and furthermore rehearsed their talking abilities. Along these lines, it made them mindful of how they should behave when they were composing their assignments.</p><p></p><p>By doing this, they couldn't just guarantee that they composed their composing assignments effortlessly, yet in addition that they had the option to take advantage of their composing abilities. This was on the grounds that they could let their imaginative energies stream and utilize their inventiveness to take care of composing issues and make energizing stories. The more established essayists additionally used to understand papers, books and magazines to get familiar with what to expound on and how to expound on it.</ p><p></p><p>The more youthful age has underestimated everything and are excessively occupied with their exercises that they scarcely have the opportunity to deal with themselves. Composing assignments are one of the approaches to ease yourself of the pressure, stresses that you may have consistently. The vast majority of us couldn't imagine anything better than to feel that we have a boundless measure of time to save, however we can't make time.</p><p></p><p>One motivation behind why composing assignments ought to be dodged is on the grounds that it might really harm your composing abilities in the event that you don't really complete the composing task. For instance, an independent author might be approached to compose a long article, however without doing any exploration, it would take that person more than five hours to write.</p><p></p><p>In this case, the individual would be compelled to stop the composition a nd rather finish the article as educated by the customer, who didn't have the tolerance to trust that the article will be done. In this manner, there are not many things that you can do to shield yourself from composing assignments that can prompt genuine mischief. The best thing that you can do is to begin keeping a day by day composing diary, regardless of whether it is only an hour or two preceding you hit the sack each night.</p>

Evaluating Topics For College Essay Writing

<h1>Evaluating Topics For College Essay Writing</h1><p>Evaluating themes for school exposition composing can be hard for certain authors. In spite of the fact that the task is moderately simple to finish, the determination of themes can be challenging.</p><p></p><p>There are a lot of exposition subject thoughts accessible for understudies. Numerous journalists pick themes that are outside their territory of intrigue. Different understudies adhere to the notable points that they know well and that are sought after in the understudy populace. Obviously, this could make it difficult for them to concoct one of a kind points to compose about.</p><p></p><p>To battle this, numerous understudies have willingly volunteered to pick their own subjects and expound on them. The idea of points dependent on close to home interests isn't new. Understudies have since a long time ago used sources, for example, magazines, papers, books, and other data hotspots for inspiration.</p><p></p><p>The following advances will assist you with inquiring about subjects for your school article and compose all the more successfully. These tips will make it simpler for you to discover the subjects you like best without looking over a rundown of theme thoughts. You will find that these means will permit you to concentrate on the qualities of your composing as opposed to your weaknesses.</p><p></p><p>You need to explore an assortment of subjects before you begin composing. You should utilize a couple of theme records as a beginning stage for your examination. A few people like to utilize subject records from their own zones of intrigue, while others depend on the points given to them by different understudies. The motivation behind why you should utilize an assortment of records is on the grounds that you can learn various procedures for drawing nearer topics.</p><p></p ><p>Your research ought not stop at the subject thoughts. You should in any case compose as though you were giving a talk. Start your rundown of subjects with visual cues that contain catchphrases that portray the point. Recall that you should just incorporate the catchphrases that identify with the point. When you have your theme list, utilize that rundown as a manual for compose your sentences.</p><p></p><p>Always start your first passage with an eye catching point. It isn't important that you utilize constantly to put the catchphrases, however it assists with setting up the purpose of your paper. After your passages are finished, you ought to sum up your paper. Audit the entirety of your theme records to see which ones would best fit the subjects that you have just composed. Recall that your perusers should be persuaded of the focuses you are attempting to make.</p><p></p><p>Evaluating subjects for school exposition composi ng can be simple when you follow these simple advances. You ought to compose for about an hour every day to keep your aptitudes sharp. Be that as it may, above all, you ought to expound on points that will connect with you and push you to think creatively.</p>

How To Choose California Bar Exam Essay Topics Frequency That Will Help You Achieve High Marks

How To Choose California Bar Exam Essay Topics Frequency That Will Help You Achieve High MarksMany students fail to achieve the high grades they desire because they don't know how to choose California bar exam essay topics frequency that will help them achieve high marks. The answer is in the type of student they are. Students who need help mastering California Bar Exam essay topics frequency are those with little or no prior writing experience. To obtain passing marks, essay topics must be written in a straight forward manner, while those with prior writing experience can choose topics based on their grade level and topics that are logical.Exam topics should be prepared in advance and thoroughly researched. They are only applied in the actual writing test, so the student will need to be aware of all topics to prepare for them. The best way to do this is to be familiar with the California Bar exam topic and do some research on it.This will make the test question relevant to the writt en essay and can help a student to write a better essay. All students should be familiar with the topics as they will be applying them in the real writing test.Students need to work hard to ensure that they have already researched the topic of the test questions before the actual test day. They also need to create and organize their writing skills so that they are able to generate topics that are well thought out and based on facts.The students who are more creative with their writing skills may be able to adapt better to the writing test. They can use the test questions to brainstorm on topics that they want to write about and create essays based on that brainstorm.By doing this, they will be able to apply their creativity to any topic without worrying about what the answer will be. Writing this way can make the students more confident writers, making them less likely to be nervous and straining to come up with ideas when they do come up.For students who don't know where to start o r who struggle to write coherently, helping out other students can be a great help. Encouraging them to look for help online by reading others' essays and helping them write their own can be a great boost. This will get the students thinking in different ways and leading to better writing.There are many ways a student can increase their skill at writing and get passing grades on their exam essays. Having a well-written essay is not a requirement, but having good essay skills does help increase scores.

Child Labor Insight On The Human Rights Violation Today

Isabella Piergiovanni Modern Global Studies Period 4 Ms. Radovic 17 May 2016 Child Labor: Insight on the Human Rights Violation Today Worldwide child labor originated during the Industrial Revolution first in England then the U.S.; many families sent their children to work or else they could not survive because they were poor and many hazardous jobs at the time were considered appropriate for children, even though now many people (but not enough) know better. Everyone had the belief that children should be working and no one was concerned if they didn’t get a formal education, an ideology that has somehow become instilled in the minds of many â€Å"employers† of these children today without any moral question or concern. Now, children are used as cheap and efficient labor capital by governments and corporations around the world and it is a direct human rights violation that could be easily avoided. Currently, 168 - 215 million children internationally are involved in child labor, and 85 million of those children are in hazardous work. Out of all the children currently working, 98 million of them work in agriculture (59%), 54 million work in services, and 12 million work in industries. Both services and industries are counted in the informal sector of the economy, and child labor plays an extremely large part in the economies of impoverished countries where it is extremely hard to break the poverty cycle because of this particular human rights violation. All over the worldShow MoreRelatedChild Labor was a Ghastly Result of the Industrial Revolution1185 Words   |  5 PagesEVOLUTION OF CHILD LABOR Child labor has come to be regarded as a ghastly by-product of the industrial revolution. The cruelty described in much of the historical literature has made the employment of children the industrial revolution’s most despised feature. Poverty is the root cause of child labor. 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Motivation Factor Toward Vitamin Supplement Free Essays

string(76) " in the Silom area because it is a central business area of office workers\." CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Background of the Research Vitamin supplements bring added nutritional values to people’s health. With their contents of the certain recommended amount of minerals and vitamins needed for staying healthy, vitamin supplements have become more and more popular especially for those with hectic and busy lifestyles. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation Factor Toward Vitamin Supplement or any similar topic only for you Order Now These people believe that daily or regular consumption of vitamin supplements helps to ensure the proper intake of nutrition needed—a compensation for what they might have missed or lost as a result of workload or lifestyle. Unlike medicines or drugs for any medicinal purpose, vitamin supplements are taken for various reasons. Strength, health, and energy seem to take the lead as the top priorities, while illusions of youthfulness, fear of lack of complete nutrients, or long term protection follow. As work life and lifestyle in the global community have become more dynamic and healthy meals with proper dining are rare, people have resorted more to the help of vitamin supplements. Advertising plays a major part in creating more desire for vitamin supplements. Several marketing schemes of pharmaceutical manufacturers make a continued bombardment of publicity, using both soft and hard persuasion to convince consumers believe in the efficacy of vitamin supplements. These movements create motivational factors for consumers, and their reasons for consumption of vitamin supplements can be endless. Modern lifestyle and work behavior remain the catalyst for the market viability of vitamin supplements. While vitamin supplements aim to maintain the good health of their consumers, they could deteriorate health in many ways. Natural nutrition is certainly better than short-cut nutrition. The market, the manufacturers, and the consumers who live a fast-paced lifestyle should look for equilibrium of vitamin supplement exposure. The supplements should help enhance people’s wellbeing, instead of benefiting certain groups. 1. 1. 1 Consumption of Vitamin Supplements Nowadays, people are concerned about their health and they think that they do not eat proper, well-balanced, and nutritious foods which results in a lack of key vitamins, illness, and poor health. This is especially true of businessmen and office workers because, as the world is moving at a busy and faster pace, they spend most of the time working, which uses all their mental and physical energy, and sometimes they are very stressed and do not often eat proper food and rely instead on junk food or fast food because of its convenience. Therefore, these people purchase vitamin supplements to prevent nutritional deficiencies. People do not purchase and consume food supplements or health products as a cure. They purchase and consume then because they think vitamin supplements can help them improve their quality of life. There are several motivational factors that encourage business people or office workers to purchase vitamin supplements which create the demand in the market. The market for vitamin supplements has increased significantly because they have the need to consume vitamin supplements which play an important role in providing nutrition which supports and maintains their good health. 1. 2 Statement of the Problem Consumers of vitamin supplements are mostly business people in the central business districts (CBD) of any of the big cities in the world. Bangkok is no exception. With increasing stress, workload, and the hectic lifestyle of many CBDs in Bangkok, Thai business people try to keep their health stable by consuming more vitamin supplements, rather than observing proper gastronomy. Vitamin supplements of imported and local brands flood the shelves of trendy drug stores like Boots and other popular dispensaries. GNC, an American brand of vitamin supplements, has started to appear around downtown Bangkok’s shopping malls. Competition among manufacturers of vitamin supplements has become fierce, while several consumers have started to realize the side-effects of long-term intake of vitamin supplements. The issues of both the pharmaceutical market’s competitiveness and growing awareness of natural nutrients seem to be intertwined within the consumers’ minds. This study therefore aims to identify the motivational factors of the consumers in CBD Bangkok in their purchase intention of vitamin supplements. Recognizing the motivational factors reveals the consumers’ rationale and the impact of marketing techniques that have brought vitamin supplements to their present status. Manufacturers—both at home and abroad—will benefit from realizing consumers’ motivational factors, so that they are able to plan their research well and develop the technical and marketing sides. Surely Thailand, as a tropical country where herbs and pharmaceutical ingredients are found in abundance for making good vitamin supplements, can partake in this fierce competition with success, while the imported brands are ready to compete in any overseas market. However, if vitamin supplements are to become an essential food for people in CBD, all parties concerned need to use studies of consumers’ motivational factors to determine directions that not only yield a healthy result to the consumers but help them avoid risks too. . 3 Research Questions 1. What motivates business people in central business district (CBD) to purchase vitamin supplements? 2. What characterizes the profile of business people of central business district (CBD) in relationship with their consumption of vitamin supplements? 1. 4 Research Objectives 1. To identify motivational factors of business people in buying vitamin supplements; 2. To describe characteristics and behavior of business people in rel ation to their decision to purchase vitamin supplements; and, 3. To describe the characteristics and behavior of business people in relation to their decision to consume vitamin supplements. 1. 5 Scope of the Research This research aims to understand motivational factors affecting purchase intention regarding office workers and vitamin supplements. The research will break down into four main variables which constitute Individual Characteristics, Situational and Attitudinal Factors, Motivational Factors, and Purchase Intention of vitamin supplements. The target population was around the Silom area which it is the center of the business area and the most crowded place in Bangkok. The respondents were executive managers, senior managers, and managers or work in lower positions. 1. 6 Limitation of the Research This research was conducted in the Silom area because it is a central business area of office workers. You read "Motivation Factor Toward Vitamin Supplement" in category "Essay examples" Hence, the result of the research might be different if data are collected from other areas because of difference in demographics and individual characteristics. 1. 7 Significance of the Research The importance of this study is primarily focused on understanding what motivates office workers in terms of the benefits of, and their intent to purchase vitamin supplements. The outcome will be able to help people concerned about the need to consume vitamin supplements through studies of the motivational factors to determine the directions that provide a healthy result to office workers as well as to characterize their individual profiles regarding the intent to purchase vitamin supplements. It will also be useful for marketers to help them analyze and evaluate this study to assist marketing management in marketing decisions and formulating strategies to increase efficiency. 1. 8 Definition of Terms Central Business District (CBD) – the central district of a city or it is office or retail center of the city. In this study, the survey was conducted in the Silom area as it is the center of the business area and suitable for understanding motivational factors on purchase intention of office workers which are the target of this study. * Vitamin supplements – vitamin supplements help provide a consistent source of necessary vitamins and nutritio n. People who are busy in their working life and do not eat properly would benefit from taking vitamin supplements. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1 Theories 2. 1. 1 Individual Characteristics Individual characteristics can be classified in many ways such as age, gender, educational level, income and personal appearance. It can refer to a set of personal traits of individuals (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2000). Individual characteristics can be described demographically or physically. Individual characteristics are unique. Some people may have the same characteristics in some areas just as some people may look Asian but no one person is identified to another. People will have different characteristics. According to Beatty and Smith (1987), and Mitchell (1993), demographic factors can fall into one category of individual characteristics which gender and age are mostly described as factors that usually affect consumer behavior. Additionally, we can include other individual characteristics such as educational level, working position and income, household size and time that spent on groceries shopping as factors that affect consumer behavior as well. Educational level can strongly affect consumer behavior. People with a higher education tend to spend more time searching for information and are willing to try something new in the market. Some products are designed for and required by highly-educated person such as laboratory equipment, international textbooks, etc. A Less educated person may seek and consume ordinary or routine products. They tend to have less awareness of new innovative products. Working status and income are perfectly related to each other. People cannot gain an income if they do not work. Income levels vary according to working status and position. Working status and income are usually used as influential factors that could affect consumer behavior. There is no market when there is no income. Income is required by profitable markets. What people can afford affects the products that people are likely to buy. Therefore, income is often one of the most popular demographic factors used to study the effects of consumer behavior. A household is an individual who lives alone or a group of individuals living together in a common dwelling, regardless of whether they are related. Households can be cohabitating couples who are unmarried and the opposite sex, same sex or simply roommates. Household size is determined by the number of people who live in the dwelling. Household size could affect buying decisions and consumer behavior. Logically, each household is likely to buy and consume different products at different quantities. Lastly, for individual characteristics, time spent on groceries is the number of hours spent grocery shopping per week. According to the study of Goodman (2008), over 32 million American adults shop at a grocery store on a typical day. That is a large population density in grocery shops which could be a potential market for marketers. The time spent grocery shopping may affect the buying behavior of consumers in terms of buying more other products. 2. 1. 2 Situational and Attitudinal Factors Consumer behavior of individuals could be affected by the individual’s needs, benefits sought, attitudes, motivation and purchasing situation. Since people have different attitudes, beliefs and situations, consumer behavior of each person will be expressed differently as well. Situational factors are all those factors related to the time and place of observation which do not require the knowledge of a person. These factors could strongly affect consumer behavior (Beck, 1975). People may act and consume differently in different purchasing situations. Time influences a purchase situation. Attitudinal factors are related to an individual’s tendency toward a specific thing and it is also a person’s propensity to be persistent and consistent. Attitude encompasses general knowledge and constitutes the cognitive, emotions, and actions. When an individual holds a positive attitude toward a target, he or she will hold the same attitude toward a similar target (Ajzen Fishbein, 2005). According to the study of Kim and Chung (2011), health consciousness and appearance consciousness could affect consumer behavior. People who are at the stage of health and appearance consciousness do care about the desired stage of well-being and are willing to put in hard effort to maintain this. People with high health and appearance consciousness tend to spend more time searching for information on healthy living and they are likely to buy more vitamin supplements and other related health products. According to the Oxford English Dictionaries, a special diet means a special course of food to which people restrict themselves with either the purpose to lose weight or for medical reasons. It implies a specific intake of vitamin supplements or nutrition for weight management and health purposes. Grocery shopper can be used to measure motivation regarding consumer perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. The more involved grocery shoppers go shopping by themselves and are more likely to employ purchase strategies that will enhance their purchase intention (Smith Carsky, 1996). A meal planner is also the same, according to Moore and Lehmann (1980), who found that an individual who is a meal planner or who prepares food seems to be more involved in purchase intention. Hence, they will be concerned about their food and nutrition and if they think they may lack benefits from their meals, they will be more likely to purchase vitamin supplements. . 1. 3 Motivational factors and product class involvement factors Consumer motivation is described as the influences that lead a consumer’s behavior toward a goal (Wang, 2001). Motivational factors are identified as a set of specific factors that influence motivation to individual needs. According to Drichoutis, Lazaridis, and Nayga Jr, (2007), this study defines price, nutrition, ease of intake, brand, and advertisement as variables in a measurement of product involvement, referred to by Moorthy (1997), which in this case is vitamin supplements. In addition, Rose (1994), and Thayer (1997) both concluded that these factors are important in consumer purchase intention. Price has a psychological impact that is used to influence consumer purchasing power. Nutrition can be defined as food or nourishment that is needed to keep growing, healthy, and to support life. Ease of intake has an emphasis on the convenience and difficulties of taking vitamin supplements. Brand enables a consumer to easily identify products of a particular company and decide to purchase them. Advertisement reflects an increasing trend in which people are concerned about their health. 2. 1. 4 Purchase Intention Purchase intention is a measurement of the possibility that a consumer will purchase a product and if the purchase intention is high, there is more chance that the consumer is willing to purchase a product. Purchase intention indicates consumers will follow their experience, preference, and motivation to collect information then evaluate their choices and choose alternatives so they can make a decision to purchase a product (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2000). Purchase intention also leads consumers to not just purchase a product once but to repeatedly purchase or repurchase a product and to recommend it to others. Customers repurchase intention depends on the value obtained in their previous transactions (Wathne, 2001; Kaynak, 2003; Bolton, 2000). So purchase intention is based on that value with a relationship with expected future benefits. Recommendation in purchase intention is consumers who are willing to recommend others to purchase the same products that they bought (Olaru, Purchase, Peterson, 2008). CHAPTER 3 FRAMEWORK AND METHODOLOGY 3. 1 Theoretical Framework 1. Figure 3. 1 – Drichoutis, A. C. , Lazaridis, P. , Nayga Jr, R. M. (2007). An assessment of product class involvement in food-purchasing behavior. This study aims to use the following framework to access the factors affecting the importance of different aspects such as price, taste, nutrition, ease of intake, and brand name of products (which in this study is food). The overall involvement with food, based on attribute importance, is affected by attitudinal factors and Socio-economic. In this framework, it provides different profiles of consumers who are not involved or more involved with food based on specific aspects. 2. Figure 3. 2 – Kim, H. Y. , Chung, J. E. (2011). Consumer purchase intention for organic personal care products. The proposal of this framework attempts to study the effects of consumer values and past experience on consumer purchase intention of organic products and to consider the effect of perceived behavioral control on the attitude intention relationship by using the theory of planned behavior. . 2 Conceptual Framework Individual Characteristics * Age * Gender * Education * Work position * Income * Household Size * Time Spent on Grocery Shopping Figure 3. 3 – Motivational factors on purchase intention of vitamin supplements Purchase Intention * Purchase * Repurchase * Recommend others to purchase Motivational Factors * Price * Nutrition * Ease of Intake * Brand * Advertisement (trend) Situational Attitudinal Factors * Health Consciousness * Appearance Consciousness * Special Diet Status * Grocery Shopper Meal Planner After clearly understand two theoretical frameworks, the conceptual framework in this research aims to study motivational factors on purchase intention of vitamin supplements regarding office workers in the Silom area. First of all, it is necessary to study individual characteristics of office workers and how these affect purchases of vitamin supplements. Second, the study aims to identify situational and attitudinal factors that effect on consumer motivation leading to purchase of vitamin supplements. Third, the study aims to consider motivational factors of office workers and their effect on purchase intention of vitamin supplements. 3. 2. 1 Individual Characteristics The demographic factors are included in the individual characteristics category. Gender and age are factors that affect consumer behavior. Moreover, this study used education, working position, income, and household size as factors to further evaluate consumer characteristics to indicate how this effects their motivation and purchase intention of vitamin supplements. This research suggests these factors are crucial to profile consumers that intend to purchase vitamin supplements. 3. 2. 2 Situational Attitudinal Factors This research defines health consciousness, appearance consciousness, special diet status, grocery shopper, and meal planner under situational and attitudinal factors. People who are concerned about their desired state of well-being or require a special course of nutrition are likely to make an effort to maintain a healthy life, and are interested in caring about their appearance, by purchasing vitamin supplements. People who go shopping and prepare meals themselves are more likely to purchase vitamin supplements because these situational and attitudinal factors can influence and motivate an individual’s perception about nutritional values. 3. 2. 3 Motivational Factors Motivational factors are identified as factors that influence motivation of office workers to purchase vitamin supplements. The perceived importance of price, nutrition, ease of intake, brand, and advertisement are included in the model in which these factors are defined to effect consumer perception of the benefits of vitamin supplements and influence their purchase intention. The researcher would like to determine if these factors create a positive or a negative relationship toward their purchase intention. 3. 2. 4 Purchase Intention This research defines purchase, repurchase, and recommending others to purchase under the purchase intention category. People are motivated to take action based on their behavior, attitude, and perception so they intend to purchase vitamin supplements for health benefits. They may intend to repurchase in the future based on their previous expectation in products and they may also recommend others to purchase vitamin supplements. . 3 Hypothesis H1o: There is no relationship between situational attitudinal factors and motivational factors for vitamin supplement consumption H1a: There is a relationship between situational attitudinal factors and motivational factors for vitamin supplement consumption H2o: There is no relationship between motivational factors and purchase intention of vitamin supplements H2a: There is a relatio nship between motivational factors and purchase intention of vitamin supplements 3. Operationalization of Variables Variables| Concept of Variable| Operational Component| Measurement Scale| Situational Attitudinal Factors| – Situational factors are related to the time and place of observation that do not require the knowledge of a person and situational factors could strongly affect consumer behavior (Beck, 1975). – Attitudinal Factors are related to an individual’s tendency toward a specific thing and it is also a person’s propensity to be persistent and consistent (Ajzen Fishbein, 2005). – Concerned about health and diet all the time- On a special diet due to a health problem – Worried about physical shape and appearance- Do most of the grocery shopping- Always plan all family meals| Interval ScaleQ1 – Q5| Motivational Factors| Motivational factors are identified as a set of specific factors that influence motivation to individual needs (Wang, 2001). – Pay attention to price- Pay attention to nutritional value – Pay attention to convenience and ease of intake- Pay attention to the brand- Pay attention to popularity, advertisements and social trends| Interval ScaleQ6 – Q10| Purchase Intention| – Purchase intention indicates consumers will follow their preference, experience, and motivation to collect information then evaluate their choices and choose alternatives so they can make a decision to purchase a product (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2000). – Intend to purchase vitamin supplements- Recommend others to purchase- Intend to repeat purchasing| Interval ScaleQ11 – Q13| Individual Characteristics (Personal Information)| Individual characteristics can be classified is many ways such as age, gender, educational level, income and personal appearance. It refers to a set of personal traits of an individual (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2000). | – Gender- Age- Education level â₠¬â€œ Work position- Household size- Income- Time spent grocery shopping| Ordinal and NominalQ14 – Q20| 3. 5 Statistical Treatment of Data The research used a quantitative research method to prove the findings. Quantitative research is used to measure how many people feel, think or act in a particular way using surveys or questionnaires. Quantitative research also provides numerical data or can convert data into numbers for a statistical review. The research used a questionnaire for collecting data because it is the most proper way based on the number of questions to be answered and to get reliable data and information from the target population. 3. 5. 1 Respondents Sampling Procedure 1. Target Population The target population was office workers in the Silom area, which we considered to be the suitable location in the business area because this area is very famous, crowded, and at the center of the business area. 2. Sample size and unit The data were collected from 384 sampling units as this is the minimum sample sizes required from the population of office workers located in the Silom area. The population of office workers from this area is numerous because Silom is the center of the business area and many people from different areas work there. 3. Sampling Procedure The sampling method in this study is non-probability sampling because it is the most appropriate sampling method for this research as the target population are selected at random. Thus the research used the following type of non-probability samples technique in order to get questionnaire completed – Judgmental or Purposive sampling – This sampling is based on the assumption that the researcher can select elements which represent a typical sample from the appropriate target population: office workers in the Silom area. 3. 5. 2 Research Instrument and Questionnaire Design The researcher used a self-administered questionnaire which is a tool that helps the respondents to complete the questionnaire. The questionnaire design was based on the conceptual framework and was divided into four parts as follows – Part 1 (Situational Attitudinal Factors) – this part of the questionnaire is about understanding the situational and attitudinal factors regarding office workers and vitamin supplements. Part 2 (Motivational Factors) – this part of the questionnaire is about understanding the motivational factors of office workers toward vitamin supplements. Part 3 (Purchase Intention) – the researcher wanted to understand office workers purchase intention of vitamin supplements. The researcher would also like to know if they think vitamin supplements are very important in today’s business world. Part 4 (Individual Characteristics) – this part consisted of questions that acquired individual data of the respondent: it helped the researcher to understand what a characteristic profile of office workers are and their attitudes toward vitamin supplements. Questionnaire Scale A 5-point Likert Scale was used in the questionnaire. = Strongly Agree 4 = Agree 3 =Neutral 2=Disagree 1=Strongly Disagree 3. 5. 3 Collection of Data The researcher can collect 384 sets of questionnaires from respondents who are office workers in the Silom area. The questionnaire was carried out only during business hours. The researcher spent two weeks collecting questionnaire and the researcher had two assistants to help distribute questionnaires fo r obtaining data. The researcher collected all questionnaires and analyzed the data using the software package Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). 3. 6 Reliability Test Reliability Analysis of Research Instrument To test variables in the questionnaire using Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient scale and if the alpha test result from the calculation is above . 6 or equal, it means that all questions in the questionnaire are reliable and consistent and can be applied as research instruments in this study. Situational and Attitudinal Factors Reliability Statistics| Cronbach’s Alpha| No. of Items| .800| 5| Motivational Factors Reliability Statistics| Cronbach’s Alpha| No. of Items| .727| 5| Purchase Intention Reliability Statistics| Cronbach’s Alpha| No. f Items| .907| 3| Overall Reliability Statistics| Cronbach’s Alpha| No. of Items| .895| 13| Table 3. 6: The Summary of Reliability Test Analysis Variables| Alpha test| Situational and Attitudinal Factors| . 800| Motivational Factors| . 727| Purchase Intention| . 907| Overall| . 895| The reliability test results of research instrument according to Table 4. 8 indicate that all v ariables in the questionnaire are greater than . 6. Therefore, all questions are reliable and consistent and can be applied as research instruments in this study. CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULT The researcher used Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) to analyze the data using the following analyses – Frequency Analysis – To point out the individual characteristics of business people or office workers Descriptive Analysis – To test attitude, motivation, and intention of office workers and point what is the factor that they believe is the most important for them Correlation – To study the relationship or correlation between variables 4. 1 Frequency Analysis Table 4. 1. 1: The Analysis of Gender Levels using Frequency and Percentage Gender| Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| Male| 122| 31. 8| 31. 8| 31. 8| | Female| 262| 68. 2| 68. 2| 100. 0| | Total| 384| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Table 4. 1. 1, indicates that 68. 2% (262) of the respondents were female and 31. 8% (122) were male. Table 4. 1. 2: The Analysis of Age Levels using Frequency and Percentage Age| | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| 20 – 30 years old| 153| 39. 8| 39. 8| 39. 8| | 31 – 40 years old| 121| 31. 5| 31. 5| 71. 4| | 41 – 50 years old| 78| 20. 3| 20. 3| 91. 7| | 51 – 60 years old| 32| 8. | 8. 3| 100. 0| | Total| 384| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Table 4. 1. 2, indicates that the highest percentages of respondents 39. 8% (153) were 20 to 30. 31. 5% (121) were 31 to 40, 20. 3% (78) were 41 to 50, and 8. 3% (32) were 51 to 60. Table 4. 1. 3: The Analysis of Educational Levels using Frequency and Percentage Educational levels| | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| Bachelor’s degree or lower| 212| 55. 2| 55. 2| 55. 2| | Master’s degree or higher| 172| 44. 8| 44. 8| 100. 0| | Total| 384| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Table 4. 1. 3, indicates that 55. % (212) of respondents held a bachelor’s degree or lower and 44. 8% (172) held a master’s degree or higher. Table 4. 1. 4: The Analysis of Work Position Levels using Frequency and Percentage Work position | | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| Manager or lower| 214| 55. 7| 55. 7| 55. 7| | Senior manager| 131| 34. 1| 34. 1| 89. 8| | Executive manager| 39| 10. 2| 10. 2| 100. 0| | Total| 384| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Table 4. 1. 4, indicates that the highest percentages of respondents worked as a manager or a lower position: 55. 7% (214), 34. % (131) were senior managers, and 10. 2% (39) were executive managers. Table 4. 1. 5: The Analysis of Household Size Levels using Frequency and Percentage Number of family members(household size)| | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| 3 or less| 104| 27. 1| 27. 1| 27. 1| | more than 3| 280| 72. 9| 72. 9| 100. 0| | Total| 384| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Table 4. 1. 5, indicates that most households contained more than 3 people 72. 9% (280), and 27. 1% (104) contained 3 people or less. Table 4. 1. 6: The Analysis of Income Levels using Frequency and Percentage Income per month| Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| C umulative Percent| Valid| Up to 30,000 baht| 217| 56. 5| 56. 5| 56. 5| | Greater than 30,000 baht| 167| 43. 5| 43. 5| 100. 0| | Total| 384| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Table 4. 1. 6, indicates that the highest percentages 56. 5% (217) earned up to 30,000 baht while 43. 5% (167) earned greater than 30,000 baht. Table 4. 1. 7: The Analysis of Time Spent Shopping Levels usuing Frequency and Percentage Total amount of time spent shopping per week| | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| 2 hours or less| 171| 44. 5| 44. 5| 44. 5| more than 2 hours| 213| 55. 5| 55. 5| 100. 0| | Total| 384| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Table 4. 1. 7, indicates that most respondents 55. 5% (213) spent more than 2 hours shopping, and 44. 5% (171) spent 2 hours or less. 4. 2 Descriptive Analysis Table 4. 2. 1: The Analysis of Situational and Attitudinal Factors using Average Mean and Standard Deviation Descriptive Statistics| | N| Mean| Std. Deviation| I am concerned about my health and diet all the time | 384| 3. 85| . 911| I am on a special diet due to a health problem| 384| 2. 96| 1. 207| I often worry about my physical shape and appearance| 384| 2. 8| 1. 269| I do most of the grocery shopping myself| 384| 3. 65| . 985| I always plan all family meals| 384| 3. 55| . 979| Valid N (listwise)| 384| | | As indicated in table 4. 2. 1, the researcher found that the highest average of situational and attitudinal factors is 3. 85: those concerned about health (health consciousness) and the lowest average is 2. 96: those on a special diet. The highest standard deviation is 1. 269: those who worry about physical shape and appearance (appearance consciousness) and the lowest standard deviation is 0. 911: those concerned about health (health consciousness). Table 4. 2. 2: The Analysis of Motivational Factors using Average Mean and Standard Deviation Descriptive Statistics| | N| Mean| Std. Deviation| I often pay attention to price when I go shopping| 384| 3. 67| . 989| I often pay attention to nutritional value when I do grocery shopping| 384| 3. 75| . 822| I often pay attention to convenience and ease of intake of medicine and vitamins| 384| 3. 63| . 858| I pay attention to the brands of vitamins and supplementary food| 384| 3. 42| . 902| I pay attention to popularity, advertisements, and social trends of vitamin consumption| 384| 3. 0| . 958| Valid N (listwise)| 384| | | As indicated in table 4. 2. 2, the researcher found that the highest average of motivational factor is 3. 75: those who pay attention to nutritional value and the lowest average is 3. 20: those who pay attention to the popularity, advertisements, and social trends. The highest standard deviation is 0. 989: those who pay attention to price. The lowest standard deviation is 0. 822: those who pay attention to nutrition value. Table 4. 2. 3: The Analysis of Purchase Intention using Average Mean and Standard Deviation Descriptive Statistics| N| Mean| Std. Deviation| I intent to purchase vitamin supplements| 384| 3. 14| 1. 145| I want to recommend others to purchase vitamin supplements| 384| 3. 28| . 936| I intend to repurchase vitamins and supplements continuously| 384| 3. 09| 1. 156| Valid N (listwise)| 384| | | As indicated in table 4. 2. 3, the researcher found that the highest average of purchase intention is 3. 28: those who recommend others to purchase vitamin supplements, and the lowest average is 3. 09: those who intend to repurchase vitamin supplements. The highest standard deviation is 1. 56: those who intend to repurchase vitamin supplements and the lowest standard deviation is 0. 936: those who recommend others to purchase vitamin supplements. 4. 3 Inferential Analysis Table 4. 3. 1: The Analysis of the Relationship between Situational At titudinal Factors and Motivation using the Person Correlation (Bivariate) Correlations| | MeanSAF| MeanMF| MeanSAF| Pearson Correlation| 1| . 638**| | Sig. (2-tailed)| | . 000| | N| 384| 384| MeanMF| Pearson Correlation| . 638**| 1| | Sig. (2-tailed)| . 000| | | N| 384| 384| **. Correlation is significant at the 0. 1 level (2-tailed). | According to Table 4. 3. 1, the results from the inferential analysis using the Pearson correlation show that the significant is equal . 000 which is less than . 01 (. 000. 01). It means that the null hypothesis is rejected. Thus, the researcher can conclude that there is a relationship between situational attitudinal factors and motivation at the significant 0. 01 level. At . 638 means there is a strong positive relationship between situational attitudinal factors and motivation or two variables move in the same direction. Table 4. 3. : The Analysis of the Relationship between Motivation and Purchase Intention using the Person Correlation (Bivaria te) Correlations| | MeanMF| MeanPI| MeanMF| Pearson Correlation| 1| . 746**| | Sig. (2-tailed)| | . 000| | N| 384| 384| MeanPI| Pearson Correlation| . 746**| 1| | Sig. (2-tailed)| . 000| | | N| 384| 384| **. Correlation is significant at the 0. 01 level (2-tailed). | According to Table 4. 3. 2, the results from the inferential analysis using the Pearson correlation show that the significant is equal . 000 which is less than . 01 (. 000. 01). It means that the null hypothesis is rejected. Thus, the researcher can conclude that there is a relationship between motivation and purchase intention at the significant 0. 01 level. At . 746 means that there is a strong positive relationship between motivation and purchase intention or two variables move in the same direction. CHAPTER 5 DICUSSIONS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS There are four sections in this chapter. The first section is to discuss of the summary of findings and hypothesis testing. The second section is to discuss and make conclusion which answers the research questions in this research. The third section is recommendations and the last section suggests the future studies. 5. 1. 1 Summary of Findings Table 5. 1. 1: Profile of Office Workers Variables| Percentage of total| Gender| MaleFemale| 31. 8%68. 2%| Age| 20 – 30 years old31 – 40 years old41 – 50 years old51 – 60 years old| 39. 8%31. 5%20. 3%8. 3%| Education| Bachelor’s degree or lowerMaster’s degree or higher| 55. 2%44. 8%| Work position| Manager or lowerSenior managerExecutive manager| 55. 7%34. 1%10. 2%| Household size| 3 or lessMore than 3| 27. 1%72. 9%| Income| Up to 30,000 bahtGreater than 30,000 baht| 56. 5%43. %| Time spent shopping per week| 2 hours or lessMore than 2 hours| 44. 5%55. 5%| Based on the findings, females were the majority of the respondents: 262 (68. 2%). The largest age group was 20 – 30 years old: 153 respondents (39. 8%). The majority of respondents had an educational level of Bachelor’s degree or lower: 212 respondents (55. 2%). Most respondents work position was manager or lower: 214 respondents (55. 7%). The majority of households contained more than 3 persons: 280 respondents (72. 9%). Most respondents had an income per month of up to 30,000 baht: 217 respondents (56. %). Most respondents spent more than 2 hours per week shopping: 213 respondents (55. 5%). 5. 1. 2 Summary of Hypotheses Testing This research used the Pearson correlation analysis to demonstrate the hypotheses, and the results are – Hypothesis 1: There is a relationship between situational attitudinal factors and motivational factors for vitamin supplement consumption Hypothesis 2: There is a relationship between motivational factors and purchase intention of vitamin supplement The key finding from each hypothesis will be analysis in the next part. . 2 Discussion and Conclusion Table 5. 2: Summary of Mean and Standard Deviation Variables| Means (SD)| Health consciousness | 3. 85 (0. 911)| Appearance consciousness| 2. 96 (1. 207)| Sp ecial diet status| 2. 98 (1. 269)| Grocery shopper| 3. 65 (0. 985)| Meal planner | 3. 55 (0. 979)| Price| 3. 67 (0. 989)| Nutrition| 3. 75 (0. 822)| Ease of intake| 3. 63 (0. 858)| Brand| 3. 42 (0. 902)| Advertisements and social trends| 3. 20 (0. 958)| Intent to purchase vitamin supplements| 3. 14 (1. 145)| Recommend others to purchase and consume vitamin supplements. 3. 28 (0. 936)| Intend to repurchase vitamins and supplements continuously. | 3. 09 (1. 156)| As for situational and attitudinal factors, the researcher found that the highest factor was health consciousness which means the majority of office workers are concerned about their health and diet all the time (mean score 3. 85). Based on this result, which may be caused by their busy lifestyle and working life, they are least concerned about having a special diet due to health problems (mean score 2. 6) which means they do not think they need to diet much. As for motivational factors, the researcher found that the highest factor that motivate them is nutrition value when they do grocery shopping (mean score 3. 75). Based on this result, office workers may think nutrition is needed to support their life and keep them healthy. They are least motivated by popularity, advertisements, and social trends (mean score 3. 20) because they seem not to care much about advertisements or trends as they recognize the importance of vitamin supplements. As for purchase intention, the researcher found that the highest average (regarding purchase intention) is office workers who want to recommend that others purchase vitamin supplements (mean score 3. 28). Based on this result, they recognize vitamin supplements are needed and they may think that they should recommend that their friends, co-workers, and family try vitamin supplements. This mean score was followed by intent to purchase vitamin supplements (mean score 3. 14) and intent to repurchase vitamin supplements (mean score 3. 09). Office workers purchase vitamin supplements when they think they lack necessary nutrition or a healthy life. If they think they have good well-being, they feel that they do not need to purchase vitamin supplements. However, they may repurchase vitamin supplements again when they feel they are needed. This research aimed to study the motivational factors regarding purchase intention of vitamin supplements by office workers in the Silom area in terms of individual characteristics, situational and attitudinal factors, motivational factors, and purchase intention. This study used the SPSS program in order to test and analyze hypotheses and all related factors using the Pearson correlation. The researcher found that there is a relationship between two variables in each hypothesis with a strong positive relationship or a move in the same direction. Based on the result of hypothesis one, the research shows that office workers agreed that the more they are concerned about their health and also do grocery shopping and meal planning themselves, the more motivation there is toward vitamin supplement consumption. Based on the result of hypothesis two, office workers also agreed that important factors that motivate them to purchase vitamin supplements are price, nutrition, and ease of intake whereas brand and advertisements or trends are the two least important factors. Hence, office workers in Silom area agreed that they have the intention to purchase and recommend others to purchase vitamin supplements if the price is suitable, there is high nutritional value, and there is ease of intake. 5. 3 Recommendations Based on the result of hypothesis one, the researcher found that there is a relationship between situational attitudinal factors and motivational factors for vitamin supplement consumption. The researcher would like to suggest that it is a best opportunity for marketers to plan in their research and development the production of a high quality product because office workers are concerned about their health and food consumption and they pay attention to the nutritional value of food or supplements, brands, convenience, ease of intake, and price. According to the result of ypothesis two, the researcher found that there is a relationship between motivational factors and purchase intention of vitamin supplements. The researcher would like to suggest that marketers can develop and implement a marketing strategy because price, nutrition, and brand are factors that office workers are concerned about so marketers could motivate them by offering product information on the labels under the br and name as well as using pricing and advertising to motivate them to purchase vitamin supplements. 5. 4 Future study The researcher would like to make a suggestion regarding future study that can be made using this research. This research was conducted only on office workers in the Silom area and, for further knowledge and understanding, the research could be conducted on office workers in other areas such as Sukumvit, Pleonchit, and Siam as to have a full understanding into the motivation and purchase intention toward vitamin supplements in Bangkok. Future study can use, adapt, and adjust this research and its framework to fit with their study of motivational factors on purchase intention of vitamin supplements with more or other variables. REFERENCES Ajzen, I. , Fishbein, M. (2005). The influence of attitudes on behavior. In D. Albarracin, B. T. Johnson, M. P. Zanna (Eds. ), The handbook of attitudes (pp. 173-221). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Baltas, G. (2001). Nutrition labelling: issues and policies. European Journal of Marketing, 35 (5/6), 708 – 721. Drichoutis, A. C. , Lazaridis, P. , Nayga Jr, R. M. (2007). An assessment of product class involvement in food-purchasing behavior. European Journal of Marketing, 41 (7/8), 888 – 914. Essoussi, L. H. , Zahaf, M. (2008). Decision making process of community organic food consumers: An exploratory study. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 25 (2), 95 – 104. Gautreau, C. (2011). Motivational factors affecting the integration of a learning management system by faculty. The Journal of Educators Online, 8 (1), 1 – 25. Goodman, J. (2008, October). Grocery shopping: who, where and when. Retrieved July 17, 2012, from Time Use Institute website: http://www. timeuseinstitute. org/ Hollywood, L. E. , Armstrong, G. A. , Durkin M. G. (2007). Using behavioural and motivational thinking in food segmentation. International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, 35 (9), 691 – 702. Houghton, J. , Neck, C. Cooper, K. (2009). Nutritious food intake: A new competitive advantage for organization? International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 2 (2), 161 – 179. Kim, H. Y. , Chung, J. E. (2011). Consumer purchase intention for organic personal care products. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 28 (1), 40 – 47. Nayga Jr, R. M. (1999). Toward an understanding of consum ers’ perceptions of food labels. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 2 (1), 29 – 45. Olaru, D. , Purchase, S. , Peterson, N. (2008). From customer value to repurchase intentions and recommendations. Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 23 (8), 554 – 565. Schiffman, L. G. , Kanuk, L. L. (2000). Consumer Behavior. Wisconsin, WI: Prentice Hall. Smith, M. , Carsky, M. (1996). Grocery shopping behavior: A comparison of involved and uninvolved consumers. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 3 (2), 73 – 80. APPENDICES APPENDIX A ENGLISH VERSION QUESTIONNAIRE This questionnaire is a part of an Individual Research in the topic of â€Å"Motivational Factors on Purchase Intention of Vitamin Supplements† by a Master of Business Administration student of Assumption University. The researcher, hereby, pledges that all of the information gathered will be kept confidential and used to assist the project of study only. Your kind cooperation would be very much appreciated. Please indicate whether you agree or disagree with the following statements 5= strongly agree, 4 = agree, 3 = neutral, 2 = disagree, 1 = strongly disagree | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| 1. I am concerned about my health and diet all the time. | | | | | | 2. I am on a special diet due to a health problem. | | | | | | 3. I often worry about my physical shape and appearance. | | | | | | 4. I do most of the grocery shopping myself. | | | | | | 5. I always plan all family meals. | | | | | | 6. I often pay attention to price when I go shopping| | | | | | 7. I often pay attention to nutritional value when I do grocery shopping. | | | | | | 8. I often pay attention to convenience and ease of intake of medicine and vitamins. | | | | | | 9. I pay attention to the brands of vitamins and supplementary food. | | | | | | 10. I pay attention to popularity, advertisements and social trends of vitamin consumption. | | | | | | 11. I intent to purchase vitamins and supplementary food. | | | | | 12. I want to recommend others to purchase and consume vitamin supplements. | | | | | | 13. I intend to repurchase vitamins and supplements continuously. | | | | | | Personal Information 14. Gender ? Male? Female 15. Age ? 20 – 30 years old? 41 – 50 years old ? 31 – 40 years old? 51 – 60 years old 16. Education level ? Bachelor’s degree or lower? Masterâ€℠¢s degree or higher 17. Work position ? Manager or lower position ? Senior manager ? Executive manager 18. Number of family members (household size) ? 3 or less? more than 3 19. Income per month ? Up to 30,000 baht ? Greater than 30,000 baht 20. Total amount of time spent shopping per week ? 2 hours or less? more than 2 hours APPENDIX B THAI VERSION QUESTIONNAIRE (Individual Research) ———————————————— 5 = , 4 = , 3 = , 2 = , 1 = | 5| 4| 3| 2| 1| 1. | | | | | | 2. | | | | | | 3. | | | | | | 4. | | | | | | 5. | | | | | | 6. † | | | | | | 7. | | | | | | 8. - ( )| | | | | | 9. ( ) | | | | | | 10. | | | | | | 11. | | | | | | 12. | | | | | | 13. | | | | | | 14. ? ? 15. ? 20 – 30 41 – 50 ? 31 – 40 51 – 60 16. ? ? 17. ? (manager) ? (senior manager) ? (executive manager) 18. ? 3 3 19. ? 30,000 ? 30,000 20. ? 2 2 How to cite Motivation Factor Toward Vitamin Supplement, Essay examples

Masters of Education

Question: Discuss about theMasters of Education. Answer: Introduction: The way people view world is induced by frames and filters of their life experiences and outcomes of their economical, social, personal and cultural identities. These frames and filters have an inevitable impact on peoples approach towards research like female social science researchers can have a varied view than males or younger researchers can differently see social landscape than older ones. Hence, peoples perspectives underpin the questions they see, interpretation they make and answers they seek. These perspectives can be divided into axiology, epistemology and ontology frameworks. Epistemology implies theory of knowledge on how it is valued, prioritized and defined. Not only social assumptions, but also superior methods of knowing and influence of knower over others are implanted in ones society. As social science research is performed against such epistemology, it gets influenced and informed by perspectives (Nelson, 2007). Similarly, theory of values (axiology) also influenc es social science research. The connection between the axiological position of researcher and their research raises many debatable matters of values in such research. The main issue is that non-disclosure of personal, institutional and social values in a research does not correspond to value-free research which means that questions asked by researchers and decisions they make, are not instinctive. Hence, the requirement that researchers must produce knowledgeable values makes social research influenced and informed. Ontological framework also influences social science research as it implies understanding of what comprises of reality that is how people understand the world. People view reality as unshakeable and concrete but it is not (Pritchard, 2007). Therefore, like epistemology and axiology, social science research is also influenced and informed by ontological assumptions that help researchers to frame their research. References Nelson, Q. (2007).The Slightest Philosophy, Indianapolis. IN: Dog Ear Publishing. Pritchard, D. (2007). Recent Work on Epistemic Value.American Philosophical Quarterly.44(2), 85110

Connected A Three Lumen Urethral Catheter †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Connected A Three Lumen Urethral Catheter? Answer: Introducation BPH or Benign Prostate hyperplasia is a disease in which the prostate of a male enlarges in size. The growth is non cancerous and happens because of the prostate stromal cell hyperplasia. The growth is associated with the proliferation of the smooth muscle, connective tissue and the epithelial cells present within the transition zone in the prostate gland. The report is discussing a case study of a 60-year-old patient, Mr. Alan Jones who was having urinary symptoms due to the Benign Prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The patient is obese and has diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Mr. Jones is also an alcoholic who drinks a bottle of wine every night. The surgery was performed under spinal anesthesia and the process of the surgery was transutheral resection of the prostate (TURP). The bladder of the patient is connected to a three lumen urethral catheter. After his surgery, the patient is reported to have large blood clots in his urine. The purpose of the report is to discuss the pathophysiology of his condition and the reason of the deterioration of the patient. The report also discusses the nursing management of the patient. The report also justifies the role of the members of the healthcare team. Albeit, the androgen hormones (testosterone and other related hormones) plays a big role in BPH development, but it does not directly causes the hyperplasia. The studies reported that Dihydrotestosterone(DHT), a metabolite of testosterone works as a mediator for the growth of the prostate (Kim et al., 2013). The metabolite is synthesized within the prostate because of the reaction of enzyme5-reductase as the testosterone circulates within the prostate. DHT works in the autocrine function in the stromal cells and in the epithelial cells, it works in the paracrine function (Bostanci et al., 2013). There is a record that estrogen might play a big role in causing BPH. It is estimated that the estrogen converts to androgen locally in the prostate tissue and initiates the cell proliferation. The onset of BPH is mainly age related and it rises markedly with age. It is reported that the volume of the prostate relatively increases with age. Some theories suggest that the weakening of the muscular tissue and fibrosis actually causes BPH. The role of the smooth muscle is actually prevalent in the onset of BPH as the myofibers of the muscular tissue gets broken because of aging and loses the potential for regeneration (Patel, Parsons, 2014). There are some reports that suggested that the onset of BPH has some genetic component. The study stated that 50% of men who is less than 60-year-old and underwent the surgery of BPH have inherited the disease. The pattern of inheritance shows that the pattern of inheritance is autosomal dominant (Haj-Ahmad, Abdalla, Haj-Ahmad, 2014). The increased amount of adipose tissues aids in the increase of prostate volume. The adipose amount is directly proportional to the increase of the prostate volume. The BMI (Basic Metabolic Index) is also proportional to the onset of BPH. The activity of the enzymes aromatase and 5-reductase increases as the males age. These enzymes are responsible for the conversion of testosterone and the other androgen hormones to dihydrotestosterone and estrogen (Gandaglia et al., 2013). As the testosterone and the androgen hormone metabolizes, the level of testosterone decreases and the level of estrogen and DHT rises (Kim et al, 2012). The raised level of estrogen causes the hyperplasia of the cells. As the median and the lateral lobes of the prostate have glandular composition, they are enlarged. The anterior lobe of the prostate enlarges less as it has little glandular structure (Gandaglia et al., 2013). TURP or transurethral resection of the prostrate is the surgical removal of a part of the prostrate. TURP syndrome is one of the most important risks associated with the TURP (Uddin et al., 2017). The initial symptoms of the TURP syndrome include a feeling of dizziness, headache, bradycardia or slow heartbeat and feeling sick. The initial TURP symptoms if not treated can develop risks that are threatening to life, which may result to seizures, breathing problem, cyanosis and may even lead to coma. The pathophysiology of the TURP syndrome includes the circulatory overload, water intoxication, hyponatremia, toxicity of glycine, ammonia and hypotension. The prostrate bed that has the venous network and the endometrium are found to uptake small amounts of fluid. This uptake in the fluid results in the significant decrease in the concentration of the serum and sodium (Ishio et al., 2015). This in turn results in the increase in the blood volume and the systolic and diastolic pressure following the failure of the heart. A neurological disorder is caused due to the increase in the content of the water in brain. This water intoxication also results in the seizures and coma and the fall in the serum sodium concentration. The proper functioning of the excitatory cells especially the heart and brain is carried out by sodium and the decrease in its concentration leads to hyponatremia, which involves restlessness, confusion and coma (McGowan-Smyth, Vasdev Gowrie-Mohan, 2015). The glycine toxicity, which is the result of the TURP syndrome, is threatening to retina and heart. Acute myocardial infarction may be a fatal outcome in patients who is suffering from TURP syndrome (De Lucia et al., 2014). The patients with the TURP syndrome are exposed to bacterimia, septicemia or toxemia where the bacteria may enter into the circulatory system and lead to a toxic state. The patient temporarily experience severe chills, fever and hypotension. Patients who are suffering from TURP syndrome need intensive nursing care. It is the duty of the nurse to maintain the stability of homeostasis, providing comfort of the patient and preventing the onset of any complication (Frede Rassweiler, 2017). It is also the duty of the nurse to provide the information to the patient and his family regarding the prognosis and the treatment of the syndrome. The nurse must assess the urine output of the patient in case of impaired urinary elimination. The nurse must also instruct the patient to assume the normal posture during micturition and carry out a regular check up of the incision and dressing. It is also the duty of the nurse to observe regularly the loss of excessive blood if there is any and the initiation of any infection. The nurse must keep a record of the time, the voiding amount, urgency and the incapability of retaining urine. The patient must encourage the patient to void if he experiences the urge and follow the instructions that is provided by the nurse. The nurse should provide the patient with essential information that would help the patient to deal with his disease. This may also make the patient to return to the normal life. The interdisciplinary team for Alan Jones who would provide care before his discharge involves the hospital staff of the OT, a counselor and a dietician. They would play a crucial role in providing proper care to him before being discharged so that his health condition gets improved in less amount of time. The nurses in the OT should organize proper planning of his discharge. Since his urine contains large amount of blood clots, they should consult the doctor to remove the clot with the help of syringe containing sterile water containing salt. Since his pain score was 0/10, the staff should keep a check on his pain levels in a regular manner and provide appropriate medications if required (Heidenreich et al.,2014). The nursing staff should keep a check and monitor if there are any abnormal signs and symptoms. They should monitor several health parameters such as respiration rate, blood pressure, pulse, and temperature of Alan Jones. They should make sure that his health condition is stable enough to discharge him after 2 days. The nursing staff of the OT should advise him to follow several precautions such as reduced intake of alcohol as he has a medical history of obesity and diabetes. They should also provide proper follow-ups to the patient and his son after the surgery to explain the dosage of medicaments that were prescribed to him. They should provide anti-nausea medicines if he experiences any symptoms of nausea or vomiting after the surgery. They should be patient while dealing with him and should follow all the moral values and ethics of nursing profession (Pannick et al., 2015). The counselor should interact and make him feel positive to avoid any psychological issues of distress and anxiety that might occur after the surgery. This will make him comfortable and improve his trust in the healthcare services provided to him. A dietician should be appointed for him to follow a nutritious diet, exercise regularly and improve his social interaction with his family members and friends. Alan Jones can also be provided physiotherapy sessions and rehabilitation if advised by the doctors (Huri, Akel ?ahin, 2016). Hence, it can be concluded that several measures after the surgery of Alan Jones that should be taken by the clinicians and the nursing staff to avoid different types of infection, injury or accidents .The nurses and the doctors should provide safety to the patient to reduce the risk of complications, rate of recovery. This will help in reducing the increased stay in the hospitals and unnecessary deaths of patients. The nursing staff, counselor and the dietician should provide appropriate care to Alan Jones after the surgery so that he is not attacked by any kind of infectious agent. They should also monitor his health condition and provide proper follow-ups to prevent any other signs and symptoms that might occur after the surgical procedure. The hospital staff should have a responsible attitude and be patient while providing care to him. The hospital management, doctors and the nurses should support him and his family members. References: Bostanci, Y., Kazzazi, A., Momtahen, S., Laze, J., Djavan, B. (2013). Correlation between benign prostatic hyperplasia and inflammation.Current opinion in urology,23(1), 5-10. De Lucia, C., Femminella, G. D., Komici, K., Rengo, G., Ferrara, N. (2014). 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