Debriefing importance

Debriefing particularly focusing on â€Å"the role of debriefing In simulation based learning'. Quickly before I begin, could you raise your hand if you have taken part in a debrief post simulation,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. L know for at least the past two years I personally have taken part in debriefing, after every scenario completed in class, being from Sonny's cardiology course to Brains trauma subject. Alright lets begin Slide 2.What we cover In this presentation we will cover â€Å"What debriefing Is† We will talk about aspects of briefing as well as defining the term†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ We will cover examples of debriefing in the workplace as well as deliberate what happened in those examples. And finally we will discuss the positives that can be taken from a well structured debriefing session. Slide 3. Defining In this context, debriefing Is a part of the reflection process that follows a simulation experience led by a facilitator.Feedback is provided on the simulations participants performance while positive aspects of the completed simulation are discussed with reflective thinking encouraged. Debriefing Encourages reflective learning, which allows the participants to link theory to practice and research, think critically, and discuss how to intervene professionally in complex situations Slide 4. Simulation Learning Simulation learning is an activity that mimics reality. It is designed to emulate real life problems in which the patient may be presenting with.Simulation learning has been used for a long time in the health care field as it helps consolidate and enhance clinical skills, critical thinking, problem solving and decision making. Simulation learning provides a safe environment for learning and for the further development of kills. Slide 6. How to debrief So how do you debrief Well there are several strategies that exist such as the GAS model and the Tanners Clinical Judgment Model. These strategies are designed so that the student can reflect in a gr oup on what happened, why it happened and what they would do If placed In a similar situation.For debriefing to be successful It needs to be focused on outcomes and objectives so that the simulation Is controlled and has meaning to the participants. Slide 7. Facilitators Role The Facilitator Role is to control and mediate the discussion. They need to provide sociological safety by being trustworthy, respectful, and confidential. Facilitators need to provide honest feedback to the students and develop debriefing skills to Slide 8. Debriefing Environment The debriefing environment needs to be Positive, non-threatening, respectful and confidential.A good way to perform a debrief is with all participants and facilitators at the same eye level. In the subject CLICKS videotaping was used as part of the debriefing process, as the participants could analyses and critique how they performed. The facilitator should encourage the participants to talk and discuss linings, events and transfer of knowledge between participants and the rest of the group. It is also recommended that the debriefing takes place in a different location to the simulation as the participants need to distance themselves from the role they played in the simulation.Slide 9. Timing of Debriefing Debriefing should be conducted straight after simulation, so participants thoughts and emotions are present. Debriefing is crucial for development with the debriefing often lasting longer then the simulation. The majority of the debrief should be used or discussion and analysis of events as this is where the majority of learning comes from. Initially you should explore feelings and reactions to what occurred during the simulation followed by the transfer of why the events happened and reflection.Following a debriefing model such as GAS or Tanners Critical Judgment Model allows both the facilitator and students to Justify and elaborate on their treatment plan while also reflecting on what could be performed nex t time. Having effective debriefs post simulation can be effective to everybody involved as it provides insight into the students clinical decision making skills and provides them with feedback of positives as well as things they need to improve on.

What is supply Management?

Several authors have offered various definitions of supply management, whereas the definitions have seemed concomitant, the functions of supply management have at times appeared paradoxical. According to Gattorna et al (2003), supply management is defined as the methodical business progression that encompasses diversified functions such as synchronizing inbound and internal logistics and managing inventory than legendary buying, this is in agreement with Baily et al, (2005), who implies that supply management is the recognition, acquirement, entree, position and administration of resources and associated competence the business needs or prospectively needs to survive. However, Leenders et al, (2001), defines supply management as techniques and procedures of institutional or corporate buying, and argues that supply management is concerned with the oversight and administration of services and resource inputs, handling the suppliers of the inputs and sustaining input acquisition process. These definitions have however centered on explaining supply management as just the process buying and the management of the processes of buying and related procedures. Trent , (2007), offers a diversified definition of supply management and argues that supply management has matured from deliberate function of procurement and purchasing into a crucial strategic role influencing the survival of the organizations, he argues that supply management plays a primary role in the organization in that it influences the organization's image, social and corporate policy, progresses the competitive position and customer satisfaction and promotes effectiveness, productivity and efficiency of an organization. Supply management is therefore viewed as the main source of strategic competitive advantage of an organization. The research shall therefore evaluate the defined effectiveness of strategic management as a source of competitive advantage to organizations.

Prison diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Prison diversity - Research Paper Example The two statistics that were conducted in 2003 and 2012 tells us a terrible tale of how racial oppression still exists in US. Despite the country having a African American president and black attorney general racial oppression still exist thus African men being jailed for petty incidences. Despite the efforts of activist like Martin Luther king, fighting racial oppression in the US still exists, and fighting for their rights seems to be rising now and then. Segregation exists in the United States, black and white scholars do not receive equal schooling fund but they are unequally shared indicating that racism is still being practiced in the education sector. African American The black American men are usually convicted for drug cases and the trends shows that though the number of African American is not so high they are about 52 percent if one compare between them Hispanic and white men. The white males are about 34 percent thus showing the racial oppression in most of American state s (Criminal Justice Sheet, 2013). Inequality still exist since drug cases in women are about 41 percent for female black American comparing with 24 percent of white female. For example, William Barnes who is an African American has been convicted for motor vehicle theft and Jones who is a citizen of America by birth was convicted for the same crime but the judge who presided over the their case was a white by the name Marvin Frankel. Jones who is a white and worked in a restaurant was sentenced to 6 months in jail comparing with William who was sentenced for 2 years in prison. This is a clear indication that it was not fair since the victims were convicted for the same thing and yet a different jail term. Racialism is still being practiced in court of laws oppressing the African American. Due to such kind of ruling, it is evident that one in three black males who are born in United States is expected to go to prison compared with one in every six Hispanic men and one white out of 17 who are likely to be incarcerated (Marc 1999). The issue of ethnicity is highly considered in US since if one is white or Hispanic is likely to be charged less stiffly comparing with the black American men. United Nation human rights activist has indicated that America is violating the international agreements in civil and political rights of African people thus need to review the agreement again. United nation human right committee have indicated that racial disparity in United States is in the criminal justice system and starts from arrest to trial and lastly to sentencing. The lawyers or the defendants are disadvantaged thus if an African is having one defendant, then a white is having two who are not approved by a public court. Hispanic men Latino male’s still face stiff sentence especially if they are not employed comparing with other offenders who are white men. Black and Latino defendants are mostly disadvantaged compared to white defendants when it comes to regal pro cesses. For example, when a lawyer defends black or Hispanic men they are more disadvantaged and even the case is not fairly listened comparing to a case where a white man is involved. Latino defendants are punished more severely compared to white defendants for crimes like drug and property crimes. This shows how race and inequality is practiced by

Case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 13

Case study - Assignment Example Thus, it was crucial for the author to reveal the main tools that enabled this achievement for Tim Hortons. 3/ The most important kinds of information in this case concern the history of company’s development. At the very beginning, Tim Horton opened his coffee and doughnut shop in order to gain income in the off-season. Then, this business attracted Ron Joyce, who became the owner of Tim Hortons after the previous owner’s death. Furthermore, the company became the property of American fast-food chain, Wendy’s. Nevertheless, the ability of Tim Hortons to create an attractive national Canadian brand evoked the willingness to make ownership again Canadian. 4/ The main inferences (and conclusions) in this case are about the key achievements of corporate management throughout the history of Tim Hortons. In particular, the company managed to â€Å"sell itself not only as a destination, but also a part of typically Canadian experiences outside its doors.† In other words, Tim Hortons is an example of the company that pays attention to the national component within its brand. By creating a certain type of popular culture between the Canadians, it gained popularity in different dimensions of its activity, both in outdoor and indoor segments. Thus, corporate overall strategy reveals its effectiveness in Canadian business environment. 5/ The key concepts we need to understand in the case are market share, best-managed and influential brand, organization’s positioning, organizational goal, and company’s overall strategy. In fact, all these concepts are deeply interconnected in the case of Tim Hortons. In particular, the market share is the amount of market the company owns. In this context, the growing amount of market share, or â€Å"gradual expansion into adjacent areas,† is the definition of this company’s overall strategy. Then, case discusses in detail the attractive traits of

Why does knowledge of different generic approaches to strategy matter Essay

Why does knowledge of different generic approaches to strategy matter - Essay Example For long term sustainable growth organizations need to follow a well charted out business plan which defines the strategy derived from organization’s vision and mission and transforms the strategy into business activities and actions in all departments including HR. Defining and designing strategy is a complex task. It is derived not only from the vision and mission of the company but various internal and external factors also need to be taken into account for developing an appropriate and well designed strategy. There are many different generic approaches to strategy. HR being considered a strategic partner, these approaches to strategy also has its implications on Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM). This paper aims at studying the different approaches to strategy and their implications on SHRM. For the critical analysis of this issue it will make use of the recent literature as well as any empirical evidence available from the real world. Strategy and its Importance What is strategy? The above discussed definition of strategy is a very broad one. Defining the phenomenon of strategy is a difficult assignment. There are various ways in which the definition of strategy can be approached. Application of different approaches may yield conflicting results about how to act, yet each will be based on a reasoned and possible approach. Strategy itself can be based on four basic conceptions that is rational, fatalistic, pragmatic and relativist. Each concept will be suitable for a given set of internal and external environment (Goldman, 2006) . Only an effective strategy ensures sustained profitability and growth. Approaches of Strategy Today’s highly competitive world demands commitment to change and a clear and well defined direction charted out through strategy. There are four basic approaches to strategy namely Classical, evolutionary, processual and systematic (Whittington, 2001). These four approaches of strategy are mapped against some criti cal elements of strategy. These critical elements identified are leadership, decisions, planning, innovation, diversification, internationalization, organization and strategic change. Sloan influenced classical approach is driven by policy. It is authoritative and centralized in nature with major focus on economics only. It is rooted in the elitist mentality and hence an authoritative view of the world and the concerned issues. This approach does not encourage involvement by the workers and hence Human capital management is not emphasized. This classical approach sets long term targets and goals and it is believed that managers have the capability and the willingness to adopt and practice those profit maximizing strategies devised by them through rational long term planning. In short it is top down driven strategy with very minimal role or almost no role for SHRM. The concept behind evolutionary approach is that managers are free to adopt any method but in the long run only the top performers will survive. It is based on the theory of survival of the fittest hence named evolutionary approach. It is believed that achieving the best fit between internal and external factors can yield organizations profits in the short run whereas investing in the long range activities can be counterproductive. This theory is strictly against long term

Reaction Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reaction Paper - Assignment Example In this paper, I will focus on the long-term maintenance and management of persons who are addicted to Opioid drugs. Methadone is recently been used as a treatment for persons suffering from opiate addiction. However, its reception in the country and internationally has not been positive, in the sense that, it has brought many controversies. Conversely, in my opinion methadone has been a great boost for persons addicted to opiate drugs, as well as, heroin. This is because it blocks the euphoric and numbing effects of opiates. Secondly, cravings for opiates are relived, which has been stated to be a major factor for relapse. Besides, from reducing cravings, it has helped in reliving symptoms associated with withdrawal from opiates. The fact that methadone does not cause any intoxication or euphoria in the body causing a person to work effectively is the major reason methadone is the appropriate maintenance treatment. Therefore, the use of methadone as a long-term drug for drug addiction maintenance is effective. Because according to the research conducted by Proctor et al. (2014), it is clear that the advantages of methadone over buprenorphine were many. In the research conducted by Akhondzadeh et al (2014), the research indicated that the use of self-help group was most preferred because of the higher agreeableness, as well as, lower neuroticism that were seen in people who attended NA meetings. Although the use of methadone is, a good approach of dealing with people who are opiate addicts in this time and age people are too busy to find time to attend NA meetings. Additionally, it was established that people who attend NA meetings had a lower level of education and come from poor backgrounds than those who used methadone as a form of maintenance for drug addiction (Matesa, 2011). For that reason, it is clear that although there are different methods of drug maintenance they

HIV and AIDS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HIV and AIDS - Research Paper Example The HIV takes control of the white cells once inside to make it function as a manufacturing base for viruses instead or the CD4+ T cells, hence lowering the immune system while increasing the viral load in the blood. The HIV and AIDs has no cure and people should focus on working towards suppressing the HIV mutation and not be overwhelmed by existing myths of cure. There are several means of transmission, distinguished into blood exposure, child delivery and breast feeding, and sexual contact among others, except the confusing beliefs. HIV infection develops into 4 stages before transforming into AIDs; they are both related diseases that could be treated from further advancement by prevention means, for the victim to live a longer healthier life. Keywords: HIV, Aids, CD4+ T Cells, Viral Load, Victim, Opportunistic Illnesses, Transmission, Blood Contact, Sexual Intercourse, Virus, Prevention, Treatment, Antiretroviral, CD4 Counts Introduction HIV and AIDs has been one critical health concern area that clinical and scientific researchers have invested resources in and continue to make progress in research. It is no longer a national agenda, but the effects of the disease have called for global governance to assist in preventing further spread. Until now, there are many people who do not seem to get the concept between the two diseases, and as a result, several myths have been coined within the social settings, some inflicting fear, discouragement, and stigmatization. HIV stands for Human immunodeficiency virus, while AIDs is Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; the two diseases are related and known to destroy part of the immune system, specifically the white blood cell (T lymphocyte), cells that are concerned in fighting diseases and germs in the body ( â€Å"HIV hurts† 2013, para. 1). Through the diseases, many in the global population have been infected and definitely affected as many die leaving orphans and their loved ones unexpectedly. According to em edicinehealth, â€Å"approximately 40 million people are living with HIV infections, and estimated 25 million have died from this disease† (2013, para. 1). They are diseases that spread like a plaque and are known to have no cure, meaning their treatment is just mere prevention of further advancement into dangerous stages. HIV and AIDs history Researchers trace the origin of the diseases in Africa as a transmission from chimpanzees, after the blood contacts of the two animals (chimpanzee and human). The historical means of the African population for survival was through hunting and gathering, hence the blood contact is thought to have occurred either in butchering or hunting for food. AIDs was the first to be detected (around 1981) among people, especially the gay and bisexual men, one being diagnosed to have AIDs after developing some of the opportunistic infections and cancers that were uncommon for people with healthy immune system (Gallant, 2012, p. 16). This means that t he HIV virus was already in the infected people and had developed to advanced stages to be called AIDs; simply because the virus had not yet been discovered to limit its growth and develop treatment. After the discovery of HIV, it became possible to distinguish the two, such that if one is tested and found to have the virus, then he/she is termed

The Department of Defense as an Organization Research Paper

The Department of Defense as an Organization - Research Paper Example (Fox 4). This paper discusses on the organizing functions of a big organization which is the Department of Defense (DoD) in terms of its human resources, knowledge and technology. It is a good measure of the organization's ability when viewed in this perspective especially at a time when there is a dearth of resources available due to budgetary constraints. Efficiency and effectiveness are good criteria by which to judge the leadership of the DoD in these areas. Discussion It is no small challenge to manage an organization the size of the DoD which is also charged with keeping the security of the nation as well as its allies internationally through the many defense pacts it signs with them. The Department of Defense controls the United States armed force services (army, air force, navy and marines) through its chairman, the joint chiefs of staff. The designated DoD secretary is the chief policy adviser to the president in terms of execution of approved policies of the administration. In the exercise of its mandated duties or responsibilities, the DoD must likewise make full wise of the resources made available to it to carry out its mission of protecting the country and deterrence of war (DoD 1). Human Resources – the DoD is the oldest and also the largest of all departments in the United States government. With some 1.4 million men and women in uniform (active duty and another 1.1 million people in the National Guard and Reserve forces), it also manages the pension, retirement and other benefits for the estimated 2 million retirees and their families. In addition, the DoD also employs approximately 718,000 civilian personnel. This paper is more concerned and focuses on how the DoD exercises its organizing function with these civilians. The DoD manages and organizes its large civilian employees primarily through its Civilian Personnel Management Service or CPMS. It is considered as the â€Å"center of excellence† for its civilian human resources t o create and sustain a diverse, high-performing and flexible civilian workforce, a model of excellence in the entire Federal government bureaucracy (CPMS 1). The CPMS is charged with the overall strategic policy planning and oversight of the department's civilian employees' plans, policies, and programs of its employees worldwide. It is headed by the deputy assistant secretary for civilian personnel policy. Its mandate includes talent acquisition, development and sustainment of excellence through its various programs such as strategic workforce planning, career and succession planning, leader development and senior executive leadership programs including the Civilian Expeditionary Workforce (CEW). In line with cost-cutting initiatives, DoD has implemented its Emergency-Essential policy classifying the retention of employees in civilian positions only when that position has been designated as E-E before crisis situations and secondly, if the civilian position is deemed necessary to s upport combat-essential systems. This allows for flexibility to remove civilian employees to reduce payroll but still maintain effectiveness in the face of continued threats (AS-DOD 1). The second important direction the DoD has taken is in joining the outsourcing bandwagon by hiring contractors and sub-contractors to perform jobs previously done by the military personnel; this policy covers foreign host-country and third-country

Business Process Management of Domino's Pizza Coursework

Business Process Management of Domino's Pizza - Coursework Example The researcher states that in the United States alone, on the average, over one million pizzas are sold each day. The Dominos Pizza company has a focused menu of pizza and complementary side items. The company has so rightly been using its marketing mix. Instead of focusing on the four Ps (Price, product, placement and promotion), the company considers the four Cs (cost, convenience, customer solution and communication) while developing a new product or promotion. The company has adopted Cost leadership strategy which is an integrated set of actions and activities to deliver service at lowest cost as compared to competitors. Since Domino is all about fast delivery and efficient time management, it needs to reiterate this fact to the customers. But sometimes, due to any unforeseen circumstances, customers do not receive the pizza in due time. This will help the company to satisfy their customers even in circumstances where they are not able to fulfil their promise. So whenever the hun gry customer appears and order for pizza, there should be something for the entertainment of the customers so that they have a good time while waiting for their pizza. The researcher then concluds that overall, Domino Pizza’s business process is well planned. The researcher, however mentiones that there needs to be a little work done for their dine-in services in the franchise. Although, it is definetly concluded that the delivery system of Dominos Pizza is almost perfect and is highly commendable.

Successful student Essay Example for Free

Successful student Essay To become a successful college student, college students must first learn how to make sacrifices. In simpler terms, college students must make sacrifices, such as going out; instead, they should stay in and study. It is very important because college students need to learn that they cannot always go out and have fun; they have to stay home and study. Of course, they can go out and enjoy themselves just not as much as before. By staying home and studying, they will be able to pass their classes and understand what the professor is talking about when he lectures. Furthermore, college is definitely not cheap and not everyone is lucky enough to have parents who can afford to pay for all their classes, so students should get a job. When students get a job, they will be able to pay for gas, classes and anything else they might need. And that way they will not be stressing over money. College is expensive, but by having a job, college students will be able to afford supplies that are necessary for classes. Point in fact, All college students must make sacrifices, and losing social time to be able to go to work happens to be one of those sacrifices. Another new habit college students must create is becoming organized; it will make college much easier. In brief, students must learn how to become organized if they want to be successful at all in college. Once students become organized, they will not lose any paper work, and they will know exactly where everything is at. Being organized is probably one of the most important habits students must become, by becoming organized, they will always turn in their work on time without having to look everywhere for it. In other terms, being organized is definitely something students should consider; if they just put their papers anywhere, they will eventually lose them. Why would college students want everything to be cluttered and all over the place? Instead, if they just become organized, they will find everything much faster. If they ever needed to look back to their notes, they would know exactly where to look because they know exactly where they had put them. Point in fact, if students want to get through college successfully, they must be organized; not only that, but they must also learn how to manage their time! It might be frustrating at first, but students must learn how to manage their time; that way, they are never in a rush to class or work. Point in fact, by managing their time correctly; they will be successful in college. Unlike in high school, College students are not allowed to turn in work late; they must make time to study and get their work done, if they do not manage their time they will feel overwhelmed by all their work. By managing their time, they will get their work done quicker; they will not feel rushed to finish, and it will make work much simpler. To put it differently, if students do not manage their time correctly they will end up being late, and being late over and over again is not appropriate at all. College students are going to have to pay for college supplies and if they are constantly late for work, they will eventually get fired, but once they manage their time correctly, they will not need to worry about that. Managing their time will help teach them responsibility, without responsibility, they will not go far in college or even in life! In other words, students must learn how to manage their time, to study and have a social life, to be successful, and also enjoy college. In college, there is no doing the bare-minimum, and there is definitely no slacking off. Once in college, students have to do everything they can to be the very best, even if they have to create new habits. One of the many new habits students must create is learning how to make sacrifices; they must learn that if they want to become the very best, sacrifices must be made. Not only that, but they must also become organized; it might take time to get used to it, but it will be a huge factor in helping students become successful. Surely they will not get far they do not learn how to manage their time, and that is one of the most important habits so students should learn how to do that first. Even though college can be tough, creating and following these new habits will help students become successful.

Moral Sentimentalism Against The Ethical Rationalism Philosophy Essay

Moral Sentimentalism Against The Ethical Rationalism Philosophy Essay Moral rationalism, also known as the moral sense theory is the opinion in meta-ethics which suggest that morality is in one way based on moral sentiments or moral emotions. Some sociologists take it to be basically an observation concerning the nature of moral facts or moral beliefs (metaphysical view). This view is accompanied by the name sentimentalism. Others view it to be basically about the approach of justifying moral beliefs (epistemological view). This is the view that goes by the name moral sense theory. In the history of philosophy, the strongest supporter of moral sense theory is David Hume (1711-1776). On the other hand is moral rationalism, also known as ethical rationalism. This is the meta-ethics view that moral truths are known by reason. Historically, ethical rationalism was defended by philosophers such as Plato, and Immanuel Kant. However, recently it has also been defended by modern philosophers such as Richard Hare and Michael Smith among others. Ethical rational ism is almost similar to ethical intuitionist but there is a difference in their view. Ethical rationalism is impartial on whether the basic moral beliefs are determined by inference or not. Moral Sentimentalism versus Ethical rationalism A good deal of interest on moral sentimentalism has developed recently with most of the interests on questions about the meaning of moral terms, and in normative concerns, about benevolence and caring, and compassion, and their place in morality. One of the most important conflicts among the modern early philosophers was between supporters of moral sentimentalism and those of ethical rationalism. The rationalist believed that morality was founded on reason alone while the sentimentalists such as David Hume believed that morality originated partly in sentiment. In addition to this, both the rationalists and the sentiments developed rich correlations. Rationalists developed a significant correlation between morality and mathematics while the significant correlation developed by the sentimentalists was between morality and beauty. The two correlations indicate the main opinions, the underlying approaches, and the claims of moral phenomenology that is offered by the two positions. The wh ole idea of the differences between moral sentimentalism and ethical rationalism is therefore based on the analysis of the two correlations. Ethical rationalism Rationalists believe that reason is the main source and test of knowledge. They hold that reality itself has an intrinsically logical framework, they assert that a status of truth exist that can be grasped directly by the intellects. According to rationalists, there are particular logical principles in logic and mathematics whose denial means falling into contradiction. Rationality holds that reason is the power that can grant truths that are above the reach of sense and perception in both certain and general situations. Concerning knowledge, rationalists argue that a least part of a mans knowledge is gained through priori, or logical insight that are different from sense experience and also offer a confused and simply tentative approach. However, like other sociologists in support of moral sentimentalism, I tend to differ with the rationalists idea that morality is based on reason. In support of Moral Sentimentalism I tend to disagree with the idea of rationalists that is based on reason and argue that morality is contained in our human nature. This is because our moral values are determined by our emotions, which include the feelings of passion and affection, which may direct us into acting in a certain manner. These can also be referred to as our first order sentiments since they have come from deep within us. It is our actions that will therefore reflect the sentiments in us. Secondly, we have the second order sentiments that add value to our motives. These are the sentiments that we have for other people. The initial motive to act towards ourselves or other people is therefore driven by both the first order and the second order sentiments, and not reason as it is claimed by rationalists. Both Michael Slote and David Hume supported the idea of moral sentimentalism. The only difference in their arguments was that as Michael Slote tried to deal with the issues of morality, he used the term empathy. Hume had also tried to do a similar analysis but he instead used the word sympathy. Slote is trying to defend moral sentimentalism against ethical rationalism by using his account of empathy in accounting for normative morality and explaining the role of empathy in morality. This support is in response to the dominance of rationalism in the scene of ethics. He defends sentimentalism by showing how it can make consistent and instinctive sense in matters that are preferred by the rationalist such as justice, respect, and autonomy. Slote also shows that sentimentalism that is founded on empathy can ethically handle some important aspects of moral life that gets ignored by rationalism. Moral sense is usually described as offering information in a manner that is similar to other sensory modalities that include sight in perceiving colors. This differs with the process of acquiring priori, and non-experimental knowledge such as in mathematics as described in the ethical rationalism. To properly understand moral sentimentalism, one may portray analogy between it and other forms of senses. Concerning beauty, sentimentalists believes that it is something that people can see in the faces of other people, in artworks and in the landscape. Beauty can also be heard for example in a piece of music. One does not require independent artistic sense ability to be able to se beauty in the world. Peoples common five sense are enough to observe beauty although this is different from just observing something beautiful. Michael Slote also defended the idea of moral sentimentalism under the concept of sentimental ethics of care. He argues that the solution to offering this united and systematic moral sentimentalism explanation depends on the concept of empathy. According to Slote, apart from providing the basics for the right action, empathy plays a significant role in putting in place the actual reference of our moral terms. He emphasizes the importance of empathy is showing providing care. In response to the ideas of psychologist Martin Hoffman about the development of empathy in the young children, Slote states that the differences in the extent of normally or fully formed empathy matches appropriately with differences in instinctive moral evaluation. In his later works, Slote faces a criticism on his idea of moral obligation or that right actions follow our sentiments in general and in particular our empathy. He responds to this criticism there is no evidence that the racial biasness that is in f ounded in our sentiments is natural. Instead, it might be under the influence of family, social or cultural factors. Therefore, the bias that may be found in children might disappear with time as they increase in their cognitive maturity. Later in his book, moral sentimentalism, Slote gives a detailed account of his notion of empathy by drawing upon the sentimentalism ideas of Hutcheson and Hume and other recent psychological literature eon empathy. He has defined empathy at different points in the book; first as a phenomenon of having feelings towards another person, that arouses itself in us. Secondly, as a discrete feeling that is involuntarily aroused in us in response to some particular situations or experiences that we simply hear of, remember or read about, and thirdly, an act of viewing issues from other peoples point of view in order to see and feel things from their perspective. In a manner evocative to the Humes approach to exposition, a stimulating moral sentimentalism can use the idea of empathy to base both its normative explanation of moral obligation and its meta-ethical description of moral language. A morally upright person is empathically caring about other people and portrays the feeling of empathy in all his or her actions. However, the judgment on the righteousness or wrongness of something is dependent on an individuals empathy. Humes Moral sentimentalism Humes argument in support for moral sentimentalism starts with the ordinary loves and hatred that are vicious and differ from one person to another. He explains the process by which people change the feelings of love and hatred into a form of calm, regular moral love and hatred. On his idea of sympathy, he says that we tend to sympathize more with people who are similar or who are within our reach. Even though the ability to develop these feelings varies, Hume states that our moral approvals for these feelings do not vary. The moral approval arises from sympathy but only when we reach to a common point of view. In development of this sympathy, the first things is that we assess the character of that person form his own perspective and that of his close people and then we sympathize with the person and his associates based on whether their character traits are good or bad. Secondly, we control our sympathy based on the rules that judge the character traits of those people. Sympathy is therefore based not only on the character of that person, but his actions that are common for his close friends. Hume further basis his support for moral sentimentalism on sympathy and argues that unlike ethical rationalism, people cannot not make moral judgments based on reason alone. Reason plays the role of dealing with facts and making a conclusion out of those facts. Reason alone cannot guide people in making one choice among various options. This can only be enabled by sentiments. Hume states that morality is determined by sentiments. It is these sentiments that define virtue as a mental action that gives the viewers an appealing sentiment of approval, and the vice does the opposite of this. Hume proposes sentimentalism to be the ground for ethics basically as a meta-ethical theory about the epistemology of morality. Hume also sides with the ant-realist arguments of morality suggested by John Mackie who also argues that it is a queer fact there can be moral facts co0ncerning the world that can be recognized by reason and inherently motivating. In support of his sympathy idea, Hume argues that sentiments based on sympathy can motivate people towards achieving non-selfish goals such as service to other people. According to Hume and other theorists in support for sympathy idea, the term sympathy encompasses more that just concern for the problems of other people. To Hume, sympathy is the standard for communication and sharing of both positive and negative sentiments. His idea is very close to that of other psychologists who use the term empathy in place of sympathy, such as Slote. After making various considerations on the aspect of sympathy, he draws the conclusion that most of the behaviors that people choose are for the sake of increased public utility. He therefore differs with the opinion that people make decisions based on their self- interests alone. Conclusion The two ideas of rationalists and sentimentalists have a common foundation in Thomas Hobbes moral theory. The rationalists differed with the claims of Hobbes that there is no right or wrong in nature, this is determined by independent will and that for morality to motivate people, there must be suctions. This sprought up to an argument by the mid 19th century where rationalists started to argue that morality is based on reason and that our choice on the right or wrong actions is motivated by our rational awareness. On the other hand, the sentimentalists objected this and argued that reason has nothing to do with our morality. What it does is only to help in making a priority over various options. I tend to agree with the sentimentalists in the believe that our moral actions are motivated by the sentiments aroused in us by a particular situation.

tempnature Duality Between Nature and Society in Shakespeares The Tem

Duality Between Nature and Society in The Tempest  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   One of the essential themes of The Tempest is the duality between nature and society.   This is made evident through the character of Caliban: the disfigured fish-like creature that inhabits the island upon which the play takes place.   Caliban lacks civility because he was born on the island deprived of any social or spiritual morality other than nature and instinct.   He is literally man untamed.   Caliban is not monstrous simply for the sake of being frightening; his ghastly appearance is intended to literally depict the essential differences between civilization and natural instinct.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Caliban represents man, instinct, and nature in their rawest forms.   Part fish, part man, but not really either because he is more mentally sophisticated than a fish, but devoid of any characteristics generally associated with civilized beings.   He displays promise in becoming civilized, but eventually it becomes evident that it is impossible to fully tame a wild animal, which is what Caliban essentially is.   Caliban is more of an animal rather than a monster.   While he is labeled a monster throughout the play due to his appearance, he is in fact an animal.   He is not inherently evil or malicious, but relies on his own instincts and skills that he has learned to adapt to his surrounding and survive.   What is vital to survival in society is not necessarily important in nature; and vice versa.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In nature only the most basic aspects of survival are required.   Nature is all about survival, at any cost.   Society is not.   Civilization was developed out of convenience with the mental and physical skills of man.   It h... ...ay. Bibliography    Primary Texts William Shakespeare, The Tempest, ed. Frank Kermode, with an introduction by Frank Kermode, (Arden, 1964)    Montaigne, Selected Essays of Montaigne, trans. John Florio (1603) ed.Walter Kaiser, with an introduction by Walter Kaiser, (Riverside, 1964)    Secondary Texts Eric Cheyfitz, The Poetics of Imperialism: Translation and Colonization from The Tempest to Tarzan, (Oxford University Press, 1991)    Jeffrey Knapp, An Empire Nowhere: England, America, and Literature from Utopia to The Tempest, (University of California Press, 1992)    Gail Kern Paster, 'Montaigne, Dido and The Tempest: How Came that Widow in?',Shakespeare Quarterly, 35, no.3 (1984)    Deborah Willis, 'Shakespeare's Tempest and the Discourse of Colonialism', Studies in English Literature 1500-1900, 29, no.2, (1989)

Indigo :: essays research papers

Amber Hutchison Post Modern Fiction Indigo February 23, 2000 People are born with passion. The irony is that most people spend all their lives searching for that passion without looking inside that soul to the heart of the passion. The trick to discovering that passion is to find what makes us happy. For Indigo the main character of Sassafras, Cypress and Indigo by her passion lies in the music she creates from her soul while using her violin as her tool. From a modern literary criticism standpoint this passion is seen through her characterization and the symbolic use of the violin. However in peeling back the layers and focusing on this story from a Post – Modern standpoint the reader uncovers deeper issues. There is a sense of discontinuity in the linear structure that leads to a discovery about the cultural issues in this story. Indigo challenges the boundaries of her age and a society that struggles to find a place for her and her soul. That is going under the assumption t hat there is a place. "Indigo did not tell her mother about Mr. Lucas being so evil, nor did she mention that her new fiddle could talk."(Norton 43) With in the first few lines of the story Indigo’s violin begins its transformation from merely and instrument to an extension of her soul. Symbolically Indigo’s violin is representative of her soul. With her violin Indigo pursues the passions of her soul as she struggles to find her place somewhere between childhood and womanhood. Indigo’s mother begs her not to play the violin anymore at night because the neighbors complained about the awful noise. She forces Indigo to take lessons or go somewhere else to play. By rejection her violin her mother rejects the heart and soul of Indigo. Only when she flees to Sister Marie Louise’s shed is she able to play her music and bare her soul to the world. The violin takes on the presence of sin in her life as her mother forbids her to play. It is the forbidden fruit that Indigo longs to taste. Indigo’s character constantly revolves through the turmoil of a young adolescent on the brink of woman hood. "Then she would blush, hurriedly out the fiddle back into the case, the Colored and Romance having got the best of her."(Norton 45) Indigo is not ready to take that final step into womanhood but she is brave enough to sample.

Operations Management Assignment

Identify all customers (both internal and external) and justify how this problem is linked to customer satisfaction. Measure phase – This phase involves trying to collect data to evaluate the current performance level of the process, and provide information for analysis and improvement phases (Yang and II-Haiku, 2009:37). Antonym (2006:240) explains that the following items should be considered during the measurement phase of the Six Sigma methodology: Determine the current performance of the service process (process yield, DEMO, short-term and long-term capability).Decide what to measure (critical-to-quality characteristic – ACT), and how to measure. Establish a simple measurement system study (if applicable). Determine how well the process is performing compared to others through benchmarking exercise. Identify the strengths and weaknesses and determine the gaps for improvement. Analysis phase -? Many authors consider this phase as the most crucial because more often, people seem to omit it and jump straight to improvement phase (Cakes, 2003:42-43).In this phase, data is analyzed in order to discover causes of the problem, and to understand how to improve the process (Yang and II-Haiku, 2009:38). The following salient points (Antonym, 2006:240) must be looked at during this phase: Uncover the root causes of defects in processes. Understand the root causes of variability which lead to defects and priorities them for further investigation. Understand the nature of data and the distribution or patterns of data. Determine the key service process variables that may be linked to defects.Financially quantify the improvement opportunity (I. E. Estimate of potential financial benefits). Improvement phase -? This phase involves generating and selecting solutions for implementation of doing things better, cheaper or faster and thereafter calculating the new sigma level (Cakes, 2003:61 The improvement phase (Antonym, 2006:240) encompasses the following issu es: Develop potential solutions to fix the problems and prevent them from recurring. Evaluate the impact of each potential solution using a criteria-decision matrix.Solutions hat have a high impact on customer satisfaction and bottom-line savings to the organization need to be examined to determine how much time, effort and capital will need to be expended for implementation. Assess risks associated with potential solutions. Validate improvement (I. E. Reduce defect rate or improve sigma quality level of the process) by pilot studies. Re-evaluate the impact of chosen potential solution. Control phase -? The purpose of this stage is to hold on to the improvement achieved from the improvement phase. Changes made in the improvement phase need to be documented (Yang and El-Haiku, 2009:38).

Common Practices in Religion Essay

What is Religion? The term religion comes from the Latin word ‘religare’ which means to bind. In the world today, there are different forms of religious groups and followings that have unique beliefs and practices depending on their history. It is estimated that there are thousands of religions in the world, including the mainstream religious groups and others that are not known. One of the common characteristics of religious groups is that they all believe in the existence of a supreme being. However, there are those who don’t believe in religion. For such people, religion only assumes the existence of a supreme being while there is no substantive evidence to support the said belief. According to Norris & Inglehart, through the practice of atheism, atheists believe that religion is just a fallacy that might have developed in the past and passed on from generation to generation through the various teachings in culture (2011). For enthusiasts, the reason people are afraid to question religious teachings is because of the fear of repercussions that are likely to occur due to such disbelief. Under this context, religion was assumed to be a creation of scholarly studies in the past with philosophers trying to establish how religion came into being. The major question is what religion is all about and what entails the aspects of it. For most people, there is a thin line between culture and religion. This explains why different cultures have their specific religion and beliefs. However, there are various contentious issues that have never been solved over the years. One thing that would totally shift the paradigm and, in extension, the balance of nature, is if it turned out that no supreme beings the religions are based upon exist. Such a situation would totally erode the gains made in the religious world today and also lead to mass confusion among the staunch religious followers. However, some of the religious beliefs are so strong  that they cannot be influenced by any emerging trend regarding their faith. â€Å"Most of the common definition of religion excludes some fundamental facts about religion and offering an adequate explanation of what religion is† (Hood et al., 2009). From a general perspective, religion is commonly defined as the belief in God. This belief, however, is considered as vague as it excludes some of the ideas that characterize some religious followings such as atheism. If religion was to be solely defined as the belief in God, what would the other religious groups that either believe in a different supreme being and those of atheism be referred to as? This tendency of generalization is what often causes some misconception that is associated with how religion is defined. Then what is the worldview of religion and how is it defined in different places around the world? There are arguments that religion is not hard to define, but rather it is the people themselves who often create the confusion regarding its definition. According to Heelas (2005), one of the greatest challenges is how to define religion without excluding any religious beliefs or followings in the word today. However, there is a conventional way of defining religion which incorporates the primary fundamentals of religion. The following are the fundamentals of religion; The belief in a supernatural being. A clear distinction of what is regarded as the moral way of doing things in accordance with the different religious beliefs and practices. Various rituals that are commonly attributed to the religious groups from different parts of the world. Religious groups have various rituals that characterize the specific religion and establish a code of conduct in which members are supposed to operate. A specific way of communicating with God is done through prayers. However, distinct religious groups have a specific way of praying and other practices that accompany prayers. Different religious feelings that are often experienced whenever the practice is taking place. In some religious groups, members engage in incarnations and a sense of adoration. In other groups, however, there is always the aspect of guilt and repentance during religious sermons. From this approach, the worldview related to religion and what religion entails becomes clear. In most cases, it is believed that religion and religious groups in extensions are very different. This explains why there is no single approach as to what entails  religious practices. However, there is a common characteristic of religion that can be used to generalize the practice from a worldview perspective. In the world today, religion continues to shape the life of the people, whereby the religious followings and teachings provide a guideline on how people are supposed to live and interact with each other and with God. The mainstream religious groups attract millions of followers, which is an indication of just how strong religious faith is. In addition, there are thousands of religious followings that are not captured in the mainstream studies of religion but continue to exist with their distinct religious practices. Religion can, therefore, be universally defined as a compilation of religious systems that share a common belief and focus on the unique characteristics of the members of religious faith. References Heelas, P., Woodhead, L., Seel, B., Tusting, K., & Szerszynski, B. (2005). The Spiritual Revolution: Why Religion is Giving Way to Spirituality. Blackwell. Hood Jr, R. W., Hill, P. C., & Spilka, B. (2009). Psychology of religion: An empirical approach. Guilford Press. Norris, P., & Inglehart, R. (2011). Sacred and secular: Religion and politics worldwide. Cambridge University Press.

How Golding Uses Symbols in Lord of the Flies Essay

William Golding’s book, Lord of the Flies (published in 1954) tells the story of a group of boys, who are stranded on an unknown island, when their plane crashes. On the surface, it is an interesting story of how the civilised English boys, during their time on the island, gradually lose their veneer of respectability and â€Å"decent† behaviour and devolve to the basest and barest form of humanity. Eventually, the boys almost entirely shake off the civilisation of the world they once knew. If we scratch beneath that surface, what we find is a much more complicated observation of society, laden with corporeal, philosophical and religious symbols. Indeed, the superb use of symbolism in the book is one of the contributing factors to the profundity of the book. The symbols that stand out the most are the conch; the gradual destruction of the island; Piggy’s spectacles; fire, and how it is used; and the beast, or the Lord of the Flies (another name given to the Devil), the crucial symbol, used throughout the book. All of these will be looked at into more detail, and, also, whether the beast is real or a physical manifestation of the boys’ fears, as well as the key comment that it is the evil which resides within man, will also be discussed. First, is the conch. This is the shell, which is discovered by Ralph and Piggy, and is used to represent power, authority and rules. From the very first time it is mentioned, Golding describes it as: â€Å"pretty and a worthy plaything†. It is, like everything else on the island, a simple and innocent object: and immediately afterwards, it becomes something so precious, due to its apparent beauty. Also, in the beginning, it is a mere utility: Piggy suggests that, when blown, it would be able to â€Å"call† the other boys, scattered around the area of the crash, to have a meeting. The fact that it is used to call already highlights its importance in the book, as it has instant results. The sound is, as Jack later says, like that of a trumpet, using the metaphor of summoning the boys: it has an authority all on its own. By the time of the next meeting, in the afternoon of that same day, Ralph, now elected leader, decides that it will be used during meetings, where only the person with it may speak. â€Å"‘I’ll give the conch to the next person to speak. He can hold it when he’s speaking†¦And he won’t be interrupted. Except by me.'† Rules have been established, and the conch is at the centre if them, so it, now, is the means of putting across one’s feelings and/or ideas. Naturally, everyone agrees, including Jack. Golding puts this into the book, commenting on man’s need for rules within a society, and a code of behaviour, thus demonstrating what the conch symbolises. As well as these, it also symbolises democracy and free speech in our modern society, one of the few positive statements on humanity within the book, in the fact that all the boys are able to say something, as opposed to rule by force, or an autocracy, as demonstrated by Jack’s leadership, later on in the book. By chapter Five, things have already drastically changed among the boys. The threat of the beast has been lurking among them all for some time, now, and it has been left to grow to such an extent, that more and more people are behaving differently towards the island and each other. When Ralph has to call an assembly concerning these issues, he finds it difficult to get anything across, or even to be listened to, without brandishing the conch, or repeatedly reminding them that he has it. This symbolises that the power and authority of the conch is weakening, as the boys are tiring of adhering to the rules. Ralph even comments on this during his speech, when he says: – â€Å"things are breaking up†¦We began well; we were happy. And then-â€Å". It also makes a sly comment on rules and authority among real human societies, saying that we are unable to keep to them because of our nature as â€Å"free† beings, and therefore, the very idea of a rule, something that will confine us, is only temporarily effective, because we just cannot rigidly or lastingly keep to them. Many have argued for and against this theory, and much of it has to do with where we believe our origins as humans lie. For instance, if one believes in the Christian God, they believe that we are the way we are, because of the Original Sin; if Atheist, one may believe in evolution, and that we should, possibly each of us, create our own rules and boundaries, and not let any one person or body decide for us. It is, indeed an interesting debate. The idea of power corrupting, and being corruptible in return, is also evident in the way that Jack speaks out openly against Ralph, repeatedly, either with or without the conch. He even says, during the assembly scene in chapter Five, â€Å"bollocks to the rules!† In chapter Eleven, by which time Jack has succeeded in taking almost complete control over the island, the idea of the conch has become a laughing stock, and it has physically become worn and faded, and less beautiful. Golding shows how everyone, including Ralph and Piggy, regards the conch. Despite them knowing, and seeing in practice, that the conch is virtually useless, Piggy still tells Ralph to call an assembly, and use it, because he is so rule-rigid and loyal to Ralph, that he refuses to undermine him by abandoning the rules; while even Ralph only uses it, under the direction of Piggy: – † ‘†¦You call an assembly, Ralph, we got to decide what to do.’ ‘An assembly for only us?’ ‘It’s all we got†¦Blow the conch,'† This strict allegiance of Piggy’s, even now, to Ralph and the conch proves to be his fatal feature, as, when he, Ralph, Sam and Eric go up to the Castle Rock of Jack’s tribe, among jeers, insults and being ignored, Piggy still says: â€Å"I’ve got the conch!† This annoys Jack and Roger so much, that both he, and the conch, now having â€Å"lost its glow†, are destroyed by the boulder, the conch being: â€Å"exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceas[ing] to exist.† Although there has been no real authority or rules for some time, by now, apart from Jack’s, the end of the conch marks the real end, as even the husk, the last remaining vestige of organisation and rules, has been done away with. The fact that it is destroyed along with its one true follower, and the way that Golding writes it, links it with the idea of a murder: not only of Piggy, but of the conch, itself. Golding cleverly emphasises how insignificant it has become by putting its destruction into half of a sentence, and concentrating on the main part of the event, Piggy’s death. The next symbol to be discussed in the book is that of the island, and its gradual and subsequent ruin. Like the conch, it is a beautiful, peaceful and untouched world, but it is constantly affected by the boys’ actions throughout, even from before the book. From the first paragraph, the site of the crash is referred to as the scar, as if it were an injury to a living being, which, it could be argued, it is. Nevertheless, in chapter One, Golding creates a beautiful image of the island as a whole, using vivid description to emphasise it’s natural beauty, and this is continued right up to the point of the discovery of the conch: â€Å"a great platform of pink granite†; â€Å"a criss-cross pattern of trunks, very convenient to sit on†; â€Å"bright with the efflorescence of tropical weed and coral†; â€Å"a golden light danced and shattered just over his face†; â€Å"the brilliance of the lagoon†. Golding’s intense description of t he lagoon and the watery areas all create the calming effect of water, due to his detailing their appealing aspects. The boys’ initial reactions to it are similar to what the reader should have. They find it amazing and exotic, seeing their whole situation as an adventure, likening it to popular adventure stories, aimed, mainly, at boys, such as Swallows and Amazons, Treasure Island, and Coral Island, which they say. Their excitement overpowers their sense of reality, and the fact that they are alone, without any parents or adults, which piggy reminds them of. But in chapter two, only just after Jack, Ralph and Simon have surveyed the island, and told everyone else how big and beautiful it is, their enthusiasm leads them to make an irreparable mistake. In an attempt to make some sort of signal to the outside world, they start a fire, which subsequently ends up scorching a large chunk of the island’s vegetation. This clearly symbolises man’s effect on the natural world, and how selfish and inconsiderate we have been, in furthering our own society. The excitement and vigour with which the boys readily execute the fire also comments on this: – â€Å"‘A fire! Make a fire!’ At once half the boys were on their feet.† Just like the young and carefree boys, man has created and used industry and technology to advance his own civilization, without the slightest thought for anything else. Already the intrinsic beauty of the island has been permanently tarnished twice. Piggy says, sarcastically, when commenting on the fire: – â€Å"You got your small fire all right.† This theme of the gradual destruction of the island is continued throughout the rest of the book, which charts, in a way, the time and scale of man’s destruction of the Earth. In chapter Six, the mother pig is brutally murdered, meaning that, now, although there will be plenty of meat, there won’t be any new pigs to hunt, when they are all hunted down. And, of course, it all comes to an end, when the fire courses through the island, at the end, in chapter Twelve, finally completely obliterating anything natural, or pure, about the island. â€Å"[Ralph] heard a curious trickling sound†¦as if someone were unwrapping great sheets of cellophane†¦Smoke was seeping through the branches in white and yellow wisps†¦and then the smoke billowed around him.† Concerning the island, and what it represents, Golding has used such vivid imagery in his description, that, when the island is being razed to the ground, the reader is left to feel slightly sorrowful about its end, and it encourages the reader to reflect on what has happened on it ever since the boys arrived. This ties in very well with the religious connection, the island even being described as an â€Å"Eden†: the idea of the Original Sin being the cause of man’s present physical and moral condition. At the beginning, the boys enjoy the island and are treating the whole experience as a great big adventure; after time elapses, and the boys have become afraid of the beast, lurking around the island, their terror and fear causes them to fight back against the island, thus doing things which, though they are not fully aware of it, are ruining their environment. Towards the end, they are conducting an all-out attack on the island, with the beast on it (though, with the leadership of Jack, this is somewhat directed against Ralph). Another distinctive symbol in the book, is Piggy’s spectacles. Not only are these a utility, when being used as the means to start a fire, but they also symbolise more: Piggy’s (or just, on its own) intelligence. It is the only asset that Piggy has over the others on the island, and it also ties in with him, his behaviour, and what they symbolise. Like the conch, and what it symbolises, Piggy holds dear his spectacles: this can be argued as natural, for reality’s sake, but he is not the only boy who has such high esteem for them. Jack seizes them from him twice, and it could be said that Jack only does it partly for their usefulness, partly for what they symbolise (intelligence and foresight), and partly because Jack just hates Piggy and will do anything to cause harm or suffering towards him. When in chapter Four, they are damaged, with one of the lenses being broken, he doesn’t care, as he mimics Piggy’s cry of â€Å"Just you wait.† And, in chapter Ten, Jack behaves triumphantly, when it is revealed that he and a couple of members of his tribe have raided the huts, and stolen Piggy’s spectacles: – â€Å"The chief led them†¦exulting in his achievement†¦From his left hand dangled Piggy’s broken glasses.† This reaffirms how jack abuses intelligence, by stealing the spectacles, and glorifying his triumph. Another clear sign that the glasses represent intelligence is the fact that Piggy, the most rational and scientific boy there, is less confident, without them. In chapter Ten, after the damage, but before the raid, Piggy says, to Ralph: â€Å"‘I only got one eye, now. You ought to know that'†. Despite his reliability, even Ralph is beginning to lose hope in Piggy, his spectacles, and the meaningless conch. Golding makes the glasses now represent hope, or the lack of it. Because Piggy’s sight is dimmer, no one can see a way out of their predicament. This links with what Golding is saying about how man needs rules, with the conch: so, man must also need hope, otherwise, listlessness and hopelessness set in. Therefore, the link between rules and authority, hope, intelligence and foresight, and rationality is strongly emphasised. Golding is saying that we, as â€Å"civilised† humans need all four, which have made up our present society. It’s also telling that their present society is in the middle of a nuclear war, which could be argued as what’s happening on the island, anyway. This is most clearly represented by the fact that, at the end, where the island has been devastated, and the conch, Piggy and the glasses have all been done away with, there is no moral code. The island now mirrors both their and our present society. The next major symbol in the book is the fire, and it has many different uses in the story. In chapter One, the boys have the idea of making a fire, to act as a signal to any passing ships, despite their lack of concern or consideration for the rest of the island, already discussed. But, towards the end of the chapter, the fire is described as being something different: dangerous and destructive, as it burns down a part of the mountain. This is a hint of what is to come, both in terms of the plot, and Golding’s way of using fire to symbolise how destructive humanity can be. â€Å"All at once the lights flickering ahead of him merged together, the roar of the forest rose to thunder and a tall bush directly in his path burst into a great fan-shaped flame†¦the heat beating on his left side and the fire racing forward like a tide.† It is telling, also, to what Golding believes about man’s effect on the earth, as the fire has made the island a hell, compared to the paradise that it was at the beginning. When, in chapter Four, the fire goes out, it symbolises the loss of hope, in Ralph, as he is losing control of Jack and his hunters, and Jack is wresting the boys to his power. This is also where Piggy’s spectacles are damaged, and the chain of events, here, all symbolise the despair that Ralph is beginning to have. It also ties in with chapters Eight and Eleven, where Ralph speaks of Jack â€Å"stealing† the fire, or hope, that was keeping him and the boys sane, and working together. Here Golding’ is making another comment about our society: without hope, there is nothing worth fighting for or bothering with. The boys have become savage over a period of time, during which they were almost rescued, but due to their own selfishness in wanting to enjoy themselves, they have concerned themselves with fun and pleasure, seeing as there is no hope of anything else. And this is where fire, as a symbol, takes on a darker side. In chapter Nine, during the feast, and having used it to cook the meat of the mother-pig (though the utilisation of the fire for cooking the could be a positive thing), the boys dance around it, as if in some ritualistic sacrament: shouting, howling and chanting: – â€Å"Jack leapt on to the sand. ‘Do our dance! Come on! Dance!’ †¦A circling movement developed and a chant†¦the littluns ran and jumped†¦Piggy and Ralph, under the threat of the sky, found themselves eager to take a place in this demented but partly secure society†¦The movement†¦began to beat like a steady pulse†¦There was the throb and stamp of a single organism.† The way that Golding describes it, conjures up the image of the boys transforming, literally, into the very same beast that they are all afraid of. The pace and the language of the words give off a feeling of great tension, signified by the coming storm in the scene. Also, the boys are described as a â€Å"single organism†. Due to the nature the story, Golding deliberately dehumanises the boys, and turns them into a mob, to comment on humanity as it acts in a very closed society. When one looks into human history, it is evident that in any one group, as factions, we have done terrible things to each other and to our environment. Simon’s death, included here, is probably the most lucid example of how destructive human beings are en masse. The final, and most distinctive, symbol to be discussed is that of the beast. This is the most profound icon used by Golding to convey his overall message of the evils within man, and his pessimism towards human nature. The beast is first introduced by one of the littleuns in chapter Two, after Ralph and Jack have explained their situation to the other boys. † ‘He wants to know what you’re going to do about the snake-thing.’†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Now he says it was a beastie'† The idea that the beast is a â€Å"snake-thing† links in with the idea of the Original Sin: the Devil taking the shape of a serpent (snake) to tempt Eve, the â€Å"mother† of humanity, into wrongdoing. As looked at in discussion of the conch, the island, and the fire, we already know that things go wrong on the island, and that Golding attributes this to human nature. The beast, and this idea of it being inescapable represents this. For instance, the different methods by which the boys dream up its presence (from water, air, snake-like) al are natural, or biblical references. Every idea of the form of the beast is a comprehensible, human, one. Also, during the frequent discussions among the boys’ meetings, as the fear of the beast increases among the boys, so, too, does Simon’s understanding. In chapter Five, he says: – â€Å"Maybe there is a beast†¦maybe it’s only us† This shows his comprehension of the idea of something evil and primitive growing within the society of the boys. This is made completely evident in chapter Eight, with his â€Å"conversation† (in actual fact, an epileptic fit) with the beast. Simon is in his â€Å"special place†, originally a peaceful area of contemplation, abused by Jack’s placing the head of the hunted mother pig there, as an offering to the beast. The conversation itself is very insightful towards Golding’s view of humanity and towards what Simon represents, also. The beast, or â€Å"Lord of the Flies†, as it is called, here, mentions Ralph, Jack, and Piggy, hinting at how they each represent an important aspect of human society (leadership, dictatorship, and rationality, respectively – all of the â€Å"secular†, or physical features of humanity). The fact that the pig/beast is named as the Lord of the Flies links in with Golding’s view that it is humanity’s one true fault, that we have it in ourselves to be evil. Man is the beast; it’s simply the evil within the boys that motivates them to think of it. The Lord of the Flies says: – â€Å"You knew, didn’t you? I’m part of you?†¦I’m the reason why it’s no go? Why things are what they are?† Of course, Simon isn’t really talking to the Devil; the fact that it’s all taking place inside his own head highlights that he is merely seeing that this is the darker part of human nature. When Simon then goes up the mountain, to search for the truth about the â€Å"beast† which he, Ralph and Jack â€Å"see†, Golding is showing us that Simon is representative of Christ. He is the one who sees the problem with humanity, right from the beginning. He tries to explain this to his fellow man, and is laughed at about it, and considered to be mad or a fool; he eventually reaches â€Å"enlightenment†, when he finds out the truth (the figure they saw was only the dead body of a parachutist); and when, again, he tries to make this clear to the other boys, he is killed, tragically, during the feast-turned-ritual, while they are out of control: – â€Å"the crowd surged after it, poured down the rock, leapt on to the beast, screamed, struck, bit, tore†¦the tearing of teeth and claws.† Here, again, the boys are described as being the beast. Though extremely graphic and violent (as the death of Jesus was), Golding writes a beautiful aftermath, when describing the body being carried out to sea, paralleling the angelic ascension to heaven of Jesus: – â€Å"The edge of the lagoon became a streak of phosphorescence which advanced minutely†¦The clear water mirrored the clear sky and the angular bright constellations†¦the advancing clearness was full of strange, moonbeam-bodied creatures with fiery eyes.† The way in which Golding has crafted the language to create this imagery, is conjuring up the thought of Simon’s spirit, as it were, drifting up. It also emphasises the idea of the calm after the storm. A storm, during which, dark and violent events have occurred amongst the boys, and on the island. Now, as an irredeemable act has been carried out, Golding helps the reader reflect on this, with the serenity and beauty of the aftermath. As we know, after Simon’s death, everything happens very quickly. Within two days, Jack’s hunters raid Ralph, Piggy, Sam and Eric, and take Piggy’s glasses; Piggy is consciously murdered, in an attempt to retrieve them, and the conch is destroyed with him; Ralph is hunted down like a pig, and the island is destroyed completely by a raging fire, which, ironically, is the beacon that gets them rescued. The beast is Golding’s main device, used to convey this overall theme of the evil within man and his society. Most of the events in the book revolve around it. Ralph, the leader, tries to reassure the boys that it doesn’t exist, while being unsure of that himself; Piggy, the rational scientist, completely denies it’s existence, and pins the boys’ behaviour down to things which he can be certain of; Jack, the dictator, pragmatically uses the beast as fodder for the boys, denying it’s existence at one point, then offering it gifts at others. While Simon, the philosopher, is aware of its true form all along, but is ignored and killed for his speaking out about it. In conclusion, Golding’s exceptionally complex novel is, probably, one of the grimmest, pessimistic, cynical, and yet extremely profound literatures ever written. His view of humanity and human nature is unparalleled in the way he conveys it. Whether it is realistic or not would need another essay to discuss it, but by studying all of his injected symbols, and the different purposes he creates for them, we are given a very vividly bleak image. The conch, a beautiful shell, used for a noble purpose, is abused and ridiculed, eventually unceremoniously destroyed, by which point it is dirty and uncared for. It’s symbolising hope, authority, rules and freedom of speech comments on how we use these ideas today, in our society. The island, a paradise world, untouched and naturally beautiful, is ruined right from the boys’ very entrance, and is progressively destroyed, due to their unconcern for it. This shadows man’s behaviour towards his surroundings and how he has advanced his own race without caution or care for the earth. Piggy’s glasses, rationality and intelligence, cherished by Ralph and Piggy, and abused by Jack, mirror how people have used science and philosophy for their own ends, so as to get away with terrible things. The fire is, at one point, a symbol of hope and rescue; and at other points, it symbolises destruction, danger, and fear. And, of course, the beast: Golding’s main means. The evil within man, and how it is manifest. It is telling, however, that Lord of the Flies is only the first in a series of novels by Golding, used to convey his pessimistic view of humanity. As mentioned, there is so much to say about just the symbols he uses here, that makes this book one of literature’s finest pieces.

Launching a new business

Apex International Ltd is a health care product company. The company is about to launch a new product in the market. The health care segment of this company is well renounced with products ranging from medical devices to surgical apparel including sterilization wrap, surgical gloves, surgical drapes and gowns and other medical devices. In an over all sense their products are targeted towards general health and hygiene. Therefore the vision statement would be a logical conclusion to launch a product in alignment with general health and hygiene.At present the mission statement of the company is to expand and occupy global market with a new and ingenious product. This is because to mark an impact in the global market the company must employ a strategy in the parameters of product selection that would enable the company to stand at a distinctive position. This distinctive position would help the company to attain a better market segment. For the purpose, along with a new and effective pr oduct, the company needs a group of motivated employees who would be able to execute the laid down strategy by the top management. The company is confident about its present group of employees and is certain that the motivated workers would be able to execute the planning without much specified difficulties.Thus the employees should1. Follow the laid down principals and strategies closely2. Understand the need of the potential customers clearly3. Understand the preference of the potential customers4. Provide customer service at the highest levelBusiness descriptionThe company is set to launch a new product in the line of its existing item but in an updated and creative mode. The business would be spread over a large amount of markets around the world, and would venture into the markets of Asia, especially China. This would be well supported by market segments of other continents like North and South America, Europe and Australia and Oceania. The business would be controlled by the c entral headquarter situated in each of the countries of operation which would controlled by the Continent Head Office. The supreme negotiations would be done from headquarter situated in New York as it is a predominantly New York based company.Operation requirements   Operation requirements for this project are vivid and intricate.Firstly the management has to development a perfect schedule in terms of production in the line of future market potentials.Secondly, it should be looked upon that every aspects of the potential market segment is evaluated and measured.In the third phase of the operation requirement it should be noted to understand the need and priorities of the targeted customers.Lastly, a core unit should be developed to look into the motivation factors of the employees in the long run.2. Vision StatementAs the general consumer durable health and hygiene related products of Apex International Ltd includes mostly fabric related products or versatile materials that are d eveloped from synthetic fibers it would be a logical conclusion to include a product like a fragranced panty liner for white discharge in this context.At present Apex International Ltd deals in products of personal care such as feminine pads, incontinence products and diapers it would be favorable for them to include panty liners for white discharge in this list of products specifically when the base material of the panty liner for white discharge is aligned with the base material of the other mentioned and related product which is non-woven fabrics. In the context of non-woven fabrics it would be interesting to mention that Apex International Ltd themselves is responsible for manufacturing non-woven fabrics in huge number of grades that are numbered around hundreds.As these grades of non-woven fabrics are already operational for various purposes like spill control, car covers, industrial fabrics, home furnishings and flexible packaging making room for an additional product like fra granced panty liner for white discharge would not include any further fixed or capital cost to the company.As for the market segment part the new product i.e. fragranced panty liner for white discharge would become a market leader world wide when a support system of a company like the Apex International Ltd is applicable.To begin with it would be applicable to mention the need of panty liner for white discharge with a brief detail of white discharge as an ailment. White discharge is regarded as a vaginal discharge that is considered as normal during and after the menstrual period and it varies from woman to woman. It has been estimated that during the period of ovulation the mucous products increase and it has been reported that after the interval of ovulation the amount of white discharge increases by about 30 times. The material is elastic and watery in nature and therefore it is prescribed by the doctors to use panty liners during this time frame of the cycle. One of the most dif ficult propositions of this material is that it has a very bad odor.Thus to access this market with a significant product the company needs to introduce a product that is1. Well Fragranced2. Extremely Hygienic3. Highly dependable4. Cost effective3. Sales, Marketing and Finance management planExecutive summaryThe marketing strategy of the Apex International Ltd would be to develop a fragranced panty liner for white discharge. Developing a healthy and attractive fragranced panty liner for white discharge would never prove to be very difficult for the company as it is already in operative stage with relative products.Situation AnalysisThe potential, if the assumable market of this fragranced panty liner for white discharge is taken into consideration, could be substantially huge. It has been estimated that without the use of a normal panty liner for white discharge various symptoms may arise like discomfort, itching or even pain due to formation of fungal infection due to the amount of white discharge. Therefore, panty liners are essential and as it is consumer durable in nature therefore there is no chance of market being exhausted. Moreover, with a better campaigning with the focal point mentioning the betterment and advantages of a fragranced panty liner for white discharge would certainly help the company to occupy the existing market of panty liners by a huge margin.Marketing strategyAt present the market segment of the world of panty liners are segregated among numerous companies of which a bulk of the companies represents China. These Chinese companies would be the prime target once Apex International Ltd takes over the manufacture of this new fragranced panty liner for white discharge and makes the product operational. The major reason of targeting China as the premium competitor would be the reason that these companies are basically marginally equipped to compete in the international market. Therefore they should be the primary concern as being the softe st targets of all.Secondly, the advantage of the Chinese companies to be able to penetrate into low market segment could well be nullified with the campaigns concerning health issues. Once this has been done a bulk of the customers would be diverted towards the Apex International Ltd’s product of fragranced panty liner for white discharge as there are hardly any individual who would compromise in terms of health issues. This would have an additional advantage for the company. Once penetration is possible within the market occupied by the Chinese companies it would also be possible to inflate the market with other products of the Corporation. This would be a double advantage and a scope of further optimization of revenue.Thirdly, the other plus point enjoyed by the Chinese companies is the ability to penetrate into the markets of different nations all at the same time.Financial projectionsThe amount of customers for this fragranced panty liner for white discharge would be by n o means negligible. It has been estimated that about 9 million women visit the gynecological department or the general practitioners each year. This is just the estimation of the United States alone. It would be quite interesting to find out the actual number of potential customers for this new fragranced panty liner for white discharge world wide. That would mean a titanic amount of potential customers waiting for the fragranced panty liner for white discharge if marketing and campaigns are well executed by the Apex International Ltd. (Dollard, 2005)Implementation ControlThus once China is marginalized from the basic market of the fragranced panty liner for white discharge the rest of the market would fall in place with competition on the equal ground with other European, Australian and US companies. Here the main advantage of the Apex International Ltd would be the application of the fragranced panty liner which would drive away other potential competitors from the market and by t he time any other company is able to formulate something new like the fragranced panty liner for white discharge the battle for supremacy over the market would belong won by the Apex International Ltd. Therefore it is obvious that a brand new product by the Apex International Ltd would be resulting into a clear winner not only in the local or national level but it is a cut made up for the international level and thus should be treated as a cut above the rest.Reference:Dollard, John & Robert R; (2005); The White discharge Syndrome; New University Press; 21-25

Learning and Development Practice Essay

1. Directive: Is where the coach offers the coachee solutions, tools and techniques for moving forward. The coachee may like to be offered solutions however the danger is that the solution may not be appropriate for the coachee’s situation and consequently may not feel fully committed to the solution provided. 2. Non-Directive: Is coaching in the true sense of the word where the coach simply asks the coachee questions to allow the coachee to find your own solutions. A non-directive coach will not offer the coachee advice and rarely even give the coachee suggestions, although through skilful questioning they will help the coachee to see their situation from a different perspective, gain clarity, uncover options, challenge inconsistencies and hold the coachee accountable to their actions. ‘Directiveness’ Scale Directive ———————————————————————— Non-Directive – I know how – You know how – I tell you – You tell me – You follow instruction- You decide Starr, J. 2008. The Coaching Manual. Person Education LTD. Pg20. Although I have given an idea of what directive and non-directive coaching styles are. These styles can be seen on a sliding scale. A tool for the coach to use, dependent on the situation and where the questioning leads. The coach my not always use one style over another but can slide up and down the scale to enhance the coachee’s answer and gain clarity where needed, or dependent on the experience of the coachee. With the ultimate aim that the coachee leaves empowered to move forward with action points to achieve goals. 1.2 How coaching differs from other L&D methods Counselling Counselling a therapeutic intervention usually around a personal deep rooted issue from a person’s past that is affecting a person in the present. Counselling provides intervention strategy’s to cope with the personal issue by delving into the persons past. Coaching although can bring out emotions from the coachee, tends to be forward looking and is based around  performance related issues and not personal. (Beevers, 2010). 1.3 How coaching can meet organisational objectives Coaching can meet organisational objectives by  Staff engage and have a greater awareness of organisations objectives. Implemented agreed actions during coaching process show recorded outcomes which means the organisation has measurable results of learning within staff PDP’s. Shows an organisation has a learning culture – investing in their people. If coach is line manager they will enhance management capabilities within the organisation. 1.4 Coaching roles The Coaches role Establishes the boundaries, e.g. Frequency and length of sessions as well as the session structure. Explains what coaching is and is not, and asks permission to explain when issues go beyond what is permissible in coaching. Helps the coachee set goals through questions. Showing interest, activity listening, being non-judgmental. Shows confidence in coachee to find own solutions. Helps coachee gain insight through questioning, listening and challenging them. Encourages forward movement and thinking. Helps coachee set SMART goals and feedback on those goals. Holds coachee accountable for his/her own progress and does not own the actions. The Coachee role Commits to the coaching process and be an active part. Takes ownership of their progress. Is honest, open and shares information with the coach. Willing to discover more self awareness. Takes ownership and willingness to move forward with agreed actions to achieve goals. Understands that the coach is only human and that mistakes from both the coachee and the coach may be made along the journey. 1.5 The benefits of coaching Individual Increased Confidence and self awareness from developing own solutions and goals (ILM,2007). Dedicated time to discuss own performance and ownership on how to improve it. Better understanding of their contribution within their role related to the organisations objectives. Organisation Motivated staff leading to better staff retention throughout the organisation. Improved communication and relationships between management and staff. Improve business knowledge and skills in specific areas related to the organisation (ILM, 2007). 1.6 How to implement a coaching culture within an organisation Bringing in external coaches would be dependent on cost– External coaches are costly, although may be more dependent and more reliant to complete agreed actions, but are more likely to be used short term and small scale (Beevers, 2010). External coaches are more likely to be brought to coach executive level management (Beevers, 2010), or to train up in-house coaches who can then coach at lower levels of management and/or line managed staff within the organisation as part of the development process (Harrison, 2009). 1.7 Developing in-house coaching Advantages Coach will have existing knowledge of the organisation and understands the organisations objectives. Can be more cost effective when coaching a large workforce in comparison to bring in an external coach. As a manager/coach – can offer immediate coaching to team members when issues arise. Disadvantages Coachee may not be willing to open up to coach about issues, especially is coach is their line manager due to lack of trust of confidentiality. Conflict of interest if coach is a manager – They have their own targets to achieve which might affect the aims or outcome of the coaching session. Costs of training, supervising and time from normal workload to coach if internal employees are trained to become coaches (Harrison 2009). References Beevers, K and Andrew, R., 2010. Learning and Development Practice. CPID. Harrison, R. 2009., Learning and development. 5th edition. CIPD. ILM. May 2011., Creating a coaching culture. ILM. Starr, J. 2008., The Coaching Manual. Person Education Ltd. Advantages and disadvantages of different types of coaching relationship [Online] Available at [Accessed 31/09/13].

DBM Business Law assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

DBM Business Law assignment - Essay Example Eventually Xavier never returned to buy the youngest kitten in the litter. This created problem to Zara for sale of the kittens as she did not engaged into transaction on the youngest kitten with anybody else. In order to manage the situation, Zara should have taken a token advance from Xavier for booking the youngest kitten for him. This could have brought commitment to the transaction process and Zara would have been able to manage the business situation in a tactful manner. In the second instance, another prospective buyer named Vic spoke to Zara over the telephone on the purchase of the kittens. After obtaining the details over phone, Vic informed Zara that he would enquire about the breed before taking a decision on purchase. During the telephonic conversation, Zara should note down the telephone number of Vic for any further communication. After due enquiry, Vic wrote a letter to Zara stating that he would purchase the eldest kitten. Later on he changed his mind and in order to cancel the order, Vic sent an email to Zara cancelling his intention of purchasing the kitten. Since the e-mail did not reach Zara due to server problem, Zara should carry on talking to other customers irrespective of Vic’s decision as she did not receive any communication from Vic. In case she had not been able to sell the kitten before the letter from Vic reached her, Zara should contact Vic for further transaction and then do the needful as per Vic’ latest decision. In the third case, another prospective buyer Yvonne sent an email to Zara that the price of 300 pound sterling is a bit higher for the Burmese breed and whether a price of 200 pound sterling would be acceptable to Zara. When Zara denied the proposal, Yvonne sent another email confirming to purchase the young Burmese kitten for the stated price. Zara in this case should reply by e-mail of the details about the young Burmese breed and the terms and conditions for sale. Zara should also offer Yvonne to mee t in person and look at the breed in order to strike a transparent deal for the sale of kittens. In the fourth scenario, Walter paid the stated price of 300 pound sterling to Zara and bought the kitten from her. At the time of sale of the kitten, Zara should provide all the details about the kitten and the terms and conditions of the sale of kitten. The kitten ate up furniture in Walters’ house which caused disappointment to Walter. When he saw a veterinary doctor, he said that the Burmese kitten was of a lower quality breed and actually a cross breed. Walter complained about the habits and quality of breed and wanted a refund from Zara. Zara should reiterate the details of the breed of Burmese kitten sold to Walter and explain her limitation and degree of accountability for the habits of the kitten post sale (Miller,  Jentz and  Cross, 2008, p.353). Advice to Amy Amy lives in village where her cousin also lives with her family. Amy is very much fond of his cousin who has run errands for Amy in the past. Amy lives alone in her house. Beryl undertook outdoor tasks for Amy in order to help her. Suddenly Charlie, who is the husband of Amy, lost his job. This put Beryl’s family into financial trouble. Beryl informed Amy about the loss of job of her husband, Charlie and also explained the financial difficulties that they were facing as a result of the incident. Beryl and Charlie also have a son named David who is exceptionally brilliant and puts little effort for achieving